Telnet

Intro


Telnet is a computer protocol that was built for interacting with remote computers.
The word “Telnet” also refers to the command-line utility “telnet”, available under Windows OS and Unix-like systems, including Mac, Linux, and others. We will use the term “Telnet” mostly in the context of the telnet client software.
Telnet utility allows users to test connectivity to remote machines and issue commands through the use of a keyboard. Though most users opt to work with graphical interfaces, Telnet is one of the simplest ways to check connectivity on certain ports.

Enable telnet client in Windows

Telnet is disabled by default in Window’s settings, so you need to turn it on before you can do anything. Turning it on will help you to run the required diagnostics and check if a port is open. If you try to use telnet without turning it on first, you’ll receive a message like: 

 ‘telnet’ is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or C:\>

Enabling telnet client through Command Prompt:
Install-WindowsFeature -name Telnet-Client

Enabling telnet client via GUI Win10:
Open Windows Start menu > Type “Control Panel” > Press Enter > “Programs” > “Programs and Features” > Turn Windows features on or off > Select “Telnet Client” > Press “OK”

Enabling telnet client via GUI WS2012+:
Open “Server Manager” > “Add roles and features” > click “Next” until reaching the “Features” step > tick “Telnet Client” > click “Install” > when the feature installation finishes, click “Close”.

Telnet Commands List

Type thisTo do this
open or oEstablish a Telnet connection with a host computer or remote server. You can use the full command, open, or abbreviate it to just o. For example,  o domain.com 25 will connect your computer to a computer named  domain.com port 25.
displayView the current settings for Telnet Client.
Type display for a list of the current operating parameters. If you are in a Telnet session (connected to a Telnet server), to modify the parameters, press Ctrl+] to leave the Telnet session. To return to the Telnet session, press Enter. The following operating parameters are available:
WILL AUTH (NTLM Authentication)
WONT AUTH
WILL TERM TYPE
WONT TERM TYPE
LOCALECHO off
LOCALECHO on
quit or qExit from Telnet.
set Set the terminal type for the connection, turn on local echo, set authentication to NTLM, set the escape character, and set up logging.
>SET NTLM turns on NTLM. While you are using NTLM authentication, if you’re connecting from a remote computer, you will not be prompted to type a logon name and password.
> SET LOCALECHO turns on local echoing.
> SET TERM {ANSI|VT100|VT52|VTNT} sets the terminal type to the appropriate terminal type.
You should use the VT100 terminal type if you are running normal command-line applications. Use the VTNT terminal type if you are running advanced command-line applications, such as .
> ESCAPE + Character sets the key sequence to use for switching from session to command mode. For example, to set Ctrl+P as your escape character, typeset escape, press Ctrl+P, and then press Enter.
> LOGFILE FileName sets the file to be used for logging Telnet activity. The log file must be on your local computer. Logging begins automatically when you set this option.
> LOGGING turns on logging. If no log file is set, an error message is displayed.
unsetTurn off local echo or set authentication for the logon or password prompt.

UNSET NLM turns off NLM.
UNSET LOCALECHO turns off local echoing.
statusMove to the Telnet command prompt from a connected session
enterGo to the connected session (if it exists)
?/helpView Help information

Parameter List

ParameterDescription
/aattempt automatic logon. Same as /l option except uses the currently logged on user s name.
/e <EscapeChar>Escape character used to enter the telnet client prompt.
/f <FileName>File name used for client side logging.
/l <UserName>Specifies the user name to log on with on the remote computer.
/t {vt100 | vt52 | ansi | vtnt}Specifies the terminal type. Supported terminal types are vt100, vt52, ansi, and vtnt.
<Host> [<Port>]Specifies the hostname or IP address of the remote computer to connect to, and optionally the TCP port to use (default is TCP port 23).
/?Displays help at the command prompt. Alternatively, you can type /h.

Check the listen port

You can use this command for check the connection of a application.

telnet IPADDRESS PORT

telnet 192.168.0.10 80       <- http
telnet 192.168.0.10 25       <- smtp
telnet 192.168.0.10 25 

Check Connection and Close Connection

# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 office-serv ESMTP Sendmail 8.13 ; Mon, 28 Mar 2019 08:00:00 +0900
^]                                 <- Ctrl ]
telnet> quit
Connection closed.

Telnet to Web Server (port 8o or 443

# telnet localhost 80
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.domain.com (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
GET / HTTP/1.0                       <-  Enter 2 times (http://localhost/index.html)

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 15:16:50 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.37 (Unix) mod_fastcgi/2.4.6 mod_auth_passthrough/1.8 mod_log_bytes/1.2 mod_bwlimited/1.4 PHP/4.4.7 abbr.
Last-Modified: Mon, 05 Feb 2007 11:04:57 GMT
ETag: "1b200-b2c-45c70f59"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 2860
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html

<html>
<html>
<title>TEST</title>

abbr.

</body>
</html>
Connection closed by foreign host.
#

Telnet to Mail Server

# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to test-server.test-server (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 test-server.example-sec.local ESMTP
helo localhost
250 test-server.example-sec.local
mail from:user01@example-sec.jp
250 ok
rcpt to:user02@example-sec.jp
250 ok
502 unimplemented (#5.5.1)
data
354 go ahead
From: user01@example-sec.jp
To: user02@example-sec.jp
Subject: test
this is test.

.
250 ok 1184072108 qp 20747

502 unimplemented (#5.5.1)
quit
221 test-server.example-sec.local
Connection closed by foreign host.

  C:\>telnet hostname 25
 220 TEST.local Microsoft ESMTP MAIL Service, Version: 7.5. ready at  Thu, 01 Jul 2018 11:11:11 -0500
 helo test
 250 ESXi-DEV-WEB01.local Hello [127.0.0.1]
 mail from:none@none.com
 250 2.1.0 none@none.com….Sender OK
 rcpt to:youremail@domain.com
 250 2.1.5 youremail@domain.com
 data
 354 Start mail input; end with .
 subject:This is a test email
 This is the body of the test email sent via Telnet.
 .
 250 2.6.0  Queued mail for delivery
 quit
 221 2.0.0 TEST.local Service closing transmission channel
 Connection to host lost. 

Nano command editor

Nano is a text editor suited to working in a UNIX-based command line enviro­nment. It is not as powerful as PC window­-based editors, as it does not rely on the mouse, but still has many useful features.
Most nano commands are invoked by holding down the Ctrl key (that is, the control key), and pressing one of the other keys. In this text, the control key is referred to using ^. For example, ^X means “hold down the CTRL key and press the x key”. Most of the important commands are listed at the bottom of your screen when nano is running.

File Control in nano

nano index.php Open or create the file “index.php” with nano on command line.
Ctrl-o Y Enter Save changes.
Ctrl-r Alt-f Open a new file with a new buffer within nano.
Alt-> Switch to the next file buffer in nano.
Alt-< Switch to the previous file buffer in nano.
Ctrl-x Quit nano.

Navigating through file contents in nano

Ctrl-a Move to the beginning of the current line.
Ctrl-e Move to the end of the current line.
Ctrl-v Move down one page.
Ctrl-y Move up one page.
Alt-\ Go to the beginning of the file.
Alt-/ Go to the end of the file.
Alt-g Go to a target line number.
Alt-] Jump to matching open/close symbol.
Alt-a Alt-} Select a block and indent the block.
Alt-a Alt-{ Select a block and outden the block.

Copy and Paste in nano

Alt-a To select a block for copy or cut operation, do Alt-a again to unselect.
Alt-a Alt-^ Copy a highlighted block to the clipboard.
Alt-a Ctrl-k Cut a highlighted block to the clipboard.
Ctrl-k Cut from the current cursor position to the end of the current line.
Ctrl-u Paste the contents from the clipboard at the current cursor position.

Search and Replace in nano

Ctrl-w Search for a target string.
Alt-w Repeat the last search.
Alt-r Search and replace.

File Management
Key Action
Ctrl+G Display help text
Ctrl+X Close the current file buffer / Exit from nano
Ctrl+O Write the current file to disk
Ctrl+R Insert another file into the current one
Alt+> Switch to the next file buffer
Alt+< Switch to the previous file buffer
Search and Replace
Key Action
Ctrl+W Search for a string or a regular expression
Ctrl+\ Replace a string or a regular expression
Alt+W Repeat the last search
Navigation
Key Action
Ctrl+_ Go to line and column number
Ctrl+Y Go one screenful up
Ctrl+V Go one screenful down
Alt+\ Go to the first line of the file
Alt+/ Go to the last line of the file
Ctrl+B Go back one character
Ctrl+F Go forward one character
Alt+Space Go back one word
Ctrl+Space Go forward one word
Ctrl+A Go to beginning of current line
Ctrl+E Go to end of current line
Ctrl+P Go to previous line
Ctrl+N Go to next line
Alt+( Go to beginning of paragraph; then of previous paragraph
Alt+) Go just beyond end of paragraph; then of next paragraph
Alt+- Scroll up one line without scrolling the cursor
Alt++ Scroll down one line without scrolling the cursor
Alt+< Switch to the previous file buffer
Alt+> Switch to the next file buffer
Ctrl+C Display the position of the cursor
Alt+] Go to the matching bracket
Editing
Key Action
Alt+U Undo the last operation
Alt+E Redo the last undone operation
Alt+} Indent the current line
Alt+{ Unindent the current line
Alt+^ Copy the current line and store it in the cutbuffer
Ctrl+K Cut the current line and store it in the cutbuffer
Ctrl+U Uncut from the cutbuffer into the current line
Ctrl+J Justify the current paragraph
Ctrl+T Invoke the spell checker, if available
Alt+V Insert the next keystroke verbatim
Ctrl+I Insert a tab at the cursor position
Ctrl+M Insert a newline at the cursor position
Ctrl+D Delete the character under the cursor
Ctrl+H Delete the character to the left of the cursor
Alt+T Cut from the cursor position to the end of the file
Alt+J Justify the entire file
Alt+D Count the number of words, lines, and characters
Ctrl+^ Mark text starting from the cursor position
Settings
Key Action
Alt+X Help mode enable­/di­sable
Alt+C Constant cursor position display enable­/di­sable
Alt+O Use of one more line for editing enable­/di­sable
Alt+S Smooth scrolling enable­/di­sable
Alt+$ Soft wrapping of overlong lines enable­/di­sable
Alt+P Whitespace display enable­/di­sable
Alt+Y Color syntax highli­ghting enable­/di­sable
Alt+H Smart home key enable­/di­sable
Alt+I Auto indent enable­/di­sable
Alt+K Cut to end enable­/di­sable
Alt+L Hard wrapping of overlong lines enable­/di­sable
Alt+Q Conversion of typed tabs to spaces enable­/di­sable
Alt+B Backup files enable­/di­sable
Alt+F Reading file into separate buffer enable­/di­sable

Windows Controls via CMD

Windows RUN Shortcuts

Type of CommandCanonical NameCommandKeywordOS
Control Panel Applet, Accessibility Optionscontrol access.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletAction Centercontrol /name Microsoft.ActionCentercpl8, 7
Control Panel AppleRecent Messagescontrol wscui.cplcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletAdd Features to Windows 8control /name Microsoft.WindowsAnytimeUpgradecplWin8
Control Panel AppletAdd Hardwarecontrol /name Microsoft.AddHardwarecplVista
Control Panel AppletDevice Manager (W10)control hdwwiz.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletAdd or Remove Programscontrol appwiz.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletAdministrative Toolscontrol /name Microsoft.AdministrativeToolscpl10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletAdministrative Toolscontrol admintoolscpl10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletAutomatic Updatescontrol wuaucpl.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletAutoPlaycontrol /name Microsoft.AutoPlaycpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletBackup and Restore Centercontrol /name Microsoft.BackupAndRestoreCentercplVista
Control Panel AppletBackup and Restorecontrol /name Microsoft.BackupAndRestorecpl7
Control Panel AppletBiometric Devicescontrol /name Microsoft.BiometricDevicescpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletBitLocker Drive Encryptioncontrol /name Microsoft.BitLockerDriveEncryptioncpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletBluetooth Devicescontrol bthprops.cpl 13cpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletBluetooth Devicescontrol /name Microsoft.BluetoothDevicescplVista
Control Panel AppletColor Managementcontrol /name Microsoft.ColorManagementcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletColor 1WinColor.exe 2cplXP
Control Panel AppletCredential Managercontrol /name Microsoft.CredentialManagercpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletClient Service for NetWarecontrol nwc.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletDate and Timecontrol /name Microsoft.DateAndTimecpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletDate and Timecontrol timedate.cplcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletDate and Timecontrol date/timecpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletDefault Locationcontrol /name Microsoft.DefaultLocationcplWin7
Control Panel AppletDefault Programscontrol /name Microsoft.DefaultProgramscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletDesktop Gadgetscontrol /name Microsoft.DesktopGadgetscplWin7
Control Panel AppletDevice Managercontrol /name Microsoft.DeviceManagercpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletDevice Managercontrol hdwwiz.cplcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletDevice Managerdevmgmt.mscmsc8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletDevices and Printerscontrol /name Microsoft.DevicesAndPrinterscpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletDevices and Printerscontrol printerscpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletDisplaycontrol /name Microsoft.Displaycpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletDisplaycontrol desk.cplcpl10, XP
Control Panel AppletSetting Backgroundcontrol desktopcpl10, XP
Control Panel AppletEase of Access Centercontrol /name Microsoft.EaseOfAccessCentercpl10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletEase of Access Centercontrol access.cplcpl10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletFamily Safetycontrol /name Microsoft.ParentalControlscplWin8
Control Panel AppletFile Historycontrol /name Microsoft.FileHistorycplWin8
Control Panel AppletFlash Player Settings Managercontrol flashplayercplapp.cplcplWin8
Control Panel AppletFolder Optionscontrol /name Microsoft.FolderOptionscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletFile Explorer Optionscontrol folderscpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletFontscontrol /name Microsoft.Fontscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletFontscontrol fontscpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletGame Controllerscontrol /name Microsoft.GameControllerscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletGame Controllercontrol joy.cplcpl10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletGet Programscontrol /name Microsoft.GetProgramscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletGetting Startedcontrol /name Microsoft.GettingStartedcplWin7
Control Panel AppletHome Groupcontrol /name Microsoft.HomeGroupcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletIndexing Optionscontrol /name Microsoft.IndexingOptionscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletIndexing options (W10)rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL srchadmin.dllcpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletInfraredcontrol /name Microsoft.Infraredcpl10, 8, 7
Control Panel AppletInfraredcontrol irprops.cplcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletInfraredcontrol /name Microsoft.InfraredOptionscplVista
Control Panel AppletInternet Optionscontrol /name Microsoft.InternetOptionscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletInternet Optionscontrol inetcpl.cplcpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletiSCSI Initiatorcontrol /name Microsoft.iSCSIInitiatorcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletKeyboardcontrol /name Microsoft.Keyboardcpl10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletKeyboardcontrol keyboardcpl10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletLanguagecontrol /name Microsoft.Languagecpl10, 8
Control Panel AppletLocation and Other Sensorscontrol /name Microsoft.LocationAndOtherSensorscpl10, 7
Control Panel AppletLocation Settingscontrol /name Microsoft.LocationSettingscplWin8
Control Panel AppletMail 4control mlcfg32.cpl 5cpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletMousecontrol /name Microsoft.Mousecpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletMousecontrol main.cplcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletMousecontrol mousecpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletNetwork and Sharing Centercontrol /name Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCentercpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletNetwork Connectionscontrol ncpa.cplcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletNetwork Connectionscontrol netconnectionscpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletNetwork Setup Wizardcontrol netsetup.cplcpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletNotification Area Iconscontrol /name Microsoft.NotificationAreaIconscpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletODBC Data Source Administratorcontrol odbccp32.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletOffline Filescontrol /name Microsoft.OfflineFilescpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletParental Controlscontrol /name Microsoft.ParentalControlscpl7, Vista
Control Panel AppletPen and Input Devicescontrol /name Microsoft.PenAndInputDevicescplVista
Control Panel AppletPen and Input Devicescontrol tabletpc.cplcplVista
Control Panel AppletPen and Touchcontrol /name Microsoft.PenAndTouchcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletPen and Touchcontrol tabletpc.cplcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletPeople Near Mecontrol /name Microsoft.PeopleNearMecpl7, Vista
Control Panel AppletPeople Near Mecontrol collab.cplcpl7, Vista
Control Panel AppletPerformance Information and Toolscontrol /name Microsoft.PerformanceInformationAndToolscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletPersonalizationcontrol /name Microsoft.Personalizationcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletPersonalizationcontrol desktopcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletPhone and Modem Optionscontrol /name Microsoft.PhoneAndModemOptionscplVista
Control Panel AppletPhone and Modem Optionscontrol telephon.cplcplVista, XP
Control Panel AppletPhone and Modemcontrol /name Microsoft.PhoneAndModemcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletPhone and Modemcontrol telephon.cplcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletPower Optionscontrol /name Microsoft.PowerOptionscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletPower Optionscontrol powercfg.cplcpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletPrinters and Faxescontrol printerscplXP
Control Panel AppletPrinterscontrol /name Microsoft.PrinterscplVista
Control Panel AppletPrinterscontrol printerscplVista
Control Panel AppletProblem Reports and Solutionscontrol /name Microsoft.ProblemReportsAndSolutionscplVista
Control Panel AppletPrograms and Featurescontrol /name Microsoft.ProgramsAndFeaturescpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletPrograms and Featurescontrol appwiz.cplcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletRecoverycontrol /name Microsoft.Recoverycpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletRegioncontrol /name Microsoft.RegionAndLanguagecplWin8
Control Panel AppletRegioncontrol intl.cplcplWin8
Control Panel AppletRegioncontrol internationalcplWin8
Control Panel AppletRegion and Languagecontrol /name Microsoft.RegionAndLanguagecplWin7
Control Panel AppletRegion and Languagecontrol intl.cplcplWin7
Control Panel AppletRegion and Languagecontrol internationalcplWin7
Control Panel AppletRegional and Language Optionscontrol /name Microsoft.RegionalAndLanguageOptionscplVista
Control Panel AppletRegional and Language Optionscontrol intl.cplcplVista
Control Panel AppletRegional and Language Optionscontrol internationalcplVista, XP
Control Panel AppletRemoteApp and Desktop Connectionscontrol /name Microsoft.RemoteAppAndDesktopConnectionscpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletScanners and Camerascontrol /name Microsoft.ScannersAndCamerascpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletScanners and Camerascontrol sticpl.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletScheduled Taskscontrol schedtaskscplXP
Control Panel AppletScreen Resolutioncontrol desk.cplcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletSecurity Centercontrol /name Microsoft.SecurityCentercplVista
Control Panel AppletSecurity Centercontrol wscui.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletSoftware Explorers 8msascui.exe 9cplXP
Control Panel AppletSoundcontrol /name Microsoft.Soundcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletSoundcontrol /name Microsoft.AudioDevicesAndSoundThemescplVista
Control Panel AppletSoundcontrol mmsys.cplcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletSounds and Audio Devicescontrol mmsys.cplcplXP
Control Panel AppletSpeech Recognition Optionscontrol /name Microsoft.SpeechRecognitionOptionscplVista
Control Panel AppletSpeech Recognitioncontrol /name Microsoft.SpeechRecognitioncpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletSpeechcontrol sapi.cpl 10cplXP
Control Panel AppletStorage Spacescontrol /name Microsoft.StorageSpacescplWin8
Control Panel AppletSync Centercontrol /name Microsoft.SyncCentercpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletSystemcontrol /name Microsoft.Systemcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletSystem Propertiescontrol sysdm.cplcpl7, XP
Control Panel AppletSystem Propertiescontrol sysdm.cplcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletTablet PC Settingscontrol /name Microsoft.TabletPCSettingscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletTask Scheduler 7control schedtaskscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletTaskbarcontrol /name Microsoft.Taskbarcpl10, 8
Control Panel AppletTaskbarrundll32.exe shell32.dll,Options_RunDLL 1cplWin8
Control Panel AppletTaskbar and Start Menucontrol /name Microsoft.TaskbarAndStartMenucpl7, Vista
Control Panel AppletTaskbar and Start Menurundll32.exe shell32.dll,Options_RunDLL 1cpl7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletText to Speechcontrol /name Microsoft.TextToSpeechcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletTroubleshootingcontrol /name Microsoft.Troubleshootingcpl8, 7
Control Panel AppletUser Accountscontrol /name Microsoft.UserAccountscpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletUser Accountscontrol userpasswords control userpasswords2cpl8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletWelcome Centercontrol /name Microsoft.WelcomeCentercplVista
Control Panel AppletWindows 7 File Recoverycontrol /name Microsoft.BackupAndRestorecplWin8
Control Panel AppletWindows Anytime Upgradecontrol /name Microsoft.WindowsAnytimeUpgradecpl7, Vista
Control Panel AppletWindows CardSpacecontrol /name Microsoft.CardSpacecpl7, Vista
Control Panel AppletWindows CardSpacecontrol infocardcpl.cplcpl7, Vista
Control Panel AppletWindows Defendercontrol /name Microsoft.WindowsDefendercpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletWindows Firewallcontrol /name Microsoft.WindowsFirewallcpl8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletWindows Firewallcontrol firewall.cplcpl10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel AppletWindows Marketplacecontrol /name Microsoft.GetProgramsOnlinecplVista only
Control Panel AppletWindows Mobility Centercontrol /name Microsoft.MobilityCentercpl10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletWindows Sidebar Propertiescontrol /name Microsoft.WindowsSidebarPropertiescplVista only
Control Panel AppletWindows SideShowcontrol /name Microsoft.WindowsSideShowcpl8,7, Vista only
Control Panel AppletWindows Updatecontrol /name Microsoft.WindowsUpdatecpl10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel AppletWireless Link, Infraredcontrol irprops.cplcpl10, XP
ExecutableAccessibility OptionsutilmanexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableAdd Hardware WizardhdwwizexeWin7, 8, 10
Control Panel Applet(Add New Programs)control appwiz.cpl,,1cplWin7, 8, 10
Control Panel Applet(Add Remove Windows Components)control appwiz.cpl,,2cplWin7, 8, 10
Control Panel Applet(Set Program Access & Defaults )control appwiz.cpl,,3cplWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableAdvanced User Accounts Control PanelnetplwizexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleAuthorization Managerazman.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableAutomatic Updatecontrol wuaucpl.cplexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableBackup and Restore UtilitysdcltexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableBluetooth Transfer WizardfsquirtexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableCalculatorcalcexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleCertificate Managercertmgr.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableCharacter MapcharmapexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableCheck Disk UtilitychkdskexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableClear Type (tune or turn off)cttuneexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableColor ManagementcolorcplexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableCommand PromptcmdexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableComponent ServicesdcomcnfgexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleComponent Servicescomexp.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableComputer ManagementCompMgmtLauncher.exeexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleComputer Managementcompmgmt.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableControl PanelcontrolexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableCredential (passwords) Backup and Restore WizardcredwizexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableData Execution PreventionSystemPropertiesDataExecutionPreventionexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDate and Time Propertiestimedate.cplexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDevice Pairing WizardDevicePairingWizardexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDigitizer Calibration Tool (Tablets/Touch screens)tabcalexeWin7, 8, 10
Control Panel AppletDirect X Control Panel (if installed)directx.cplcplWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDirect X TroubleshooterdxdiagexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisk Cleanup UtilitycleanmgrexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisk DefragmenterdfrguiexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisk DefragmenterdefragexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleDisk Managementdiskmgmt.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisk Partition ManagerdiskpartexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisplay Color CalibrationdccwexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisplay DPI / Text sizedpiscalingexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisplay Properties (Themes, Desktop, Screensaver)control desktopexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisplay Properties (Resolution, Orientation)desk.cplexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDisplay Properties (Color & Appearance)control colorexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDocuments (open 'My Documents' folder)documentsexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDownloads (open 'Downloads' folder)downloadsexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDriver Verifier UtilityverifierexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDVD PlayerdvdplayexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableEdit Environment Variablesrundll32.exe sysdm.cpl,EditEnvironmentVariablesexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableEncrypting File System Wizard (EFS)rekeywizexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleEvent Viewereventvwr.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableFile Signature Verification Tool (Device drivers)sigverifexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableFiles and Settings Transfer Tool%systemroot%\system32\migwiz\migwiz.exeexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableFolders Propertiescontrol foldersexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableFonts listcontrol fontsexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableFont previewfontview arial.ttfexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableGame Controllersjoy.cplexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleLocal Group Policy Editorgpedit.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableInternet Propertiesinetcpl.cplexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableIP ConfigurationipconfigexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableiSCSI Initiator configurationiscsicplexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableKeyboard Propertiescontrol keyboardexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableLanguage Pack InstallerlpksetupexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleLocal Security Policysecpol.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableLog outlogoffexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableMicrosoft Malicious Software Removal ToolmrtexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableMicrosoft Management ConsolemmcexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableAccess (Microsoft Office)msaccessexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableExcel (Microsoft Office)ExcelexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutablePowerpoint (Microsoft Office)powerpntexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWord (Microsoft Office)winwordexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableMicrosoft PaintmspaintexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableMicrosoft Support Diagnostic ToolmsdtexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableProjector: Connect to Network ProjectornetprojexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableProjector: Switch projector displaydisplayswitchexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableNotepadnotepadexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableODBC Data Source AdminC:\windows\system32\odbcad32.exeexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableDefault ODBC driver: 32-bit ODBC driver under 64-bit platformC:\windows\sysWOW64\odbcad32.exeexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableODBC configuration - Install/configure MDAC driversodbcconfexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableOn Screen KeyboardoskexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableOOB Getting StartedgettingstartedexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutablePassword - Create a Windows Password Reset Disk (USB)"C:\Windows\system32\rundll32.exe" keymgr.dll,PRShowSaveWizardExWexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consolePerformance Monitorperfmon.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutablePhone DialerdialerexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutablePresentation SettingsPresentationSettingsexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableProblem Steps RecorderpsrexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableProgram Access and Computer Defaults - browser / email / mediacomputerdefaultsexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutablePrinters and Faxescontrol printersexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consolePrint ManagementPrintManagement.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutablePrinter Migration (backup/restore)printbrmui and printbrm.exeexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutablePrinter user interface (List all printui.dll options)printuiexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutablePrivate Character EditoreudceditexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableRegional Settings - Language, Date/Time format, keyboard locale.intl.cplexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableRegistry EditorregeditexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableRemote AssistancemsraexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableRemote DesktopmstscexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableResource MonitorresmonexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleResultant Set of Policyrsop.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSettings (Windows 10)ms-settings:exeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableScheduled Taskscontrol schedtasksexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableScreenshot Snipping ToolsnippingtoolexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleServicesservices.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableShared Folder WizardshrpubwexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleShared Foldersfsmgmt.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableShut Down WindowsshutdownexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableEXAMPLE: Immediately
Restart immediately
Abort shutdown/restart countdown
shutdown /s /t 0
shutdown /r /t 0
shutdown /a
exeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSoftware Licensing/ActivationsluiexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSound RecordersoundrecorderexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSound VolumesndvolexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSyncronization Tool (Offline files)mobsyncexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleSystem Configuration UtilitymsconfigmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSystem File Checker Utility (Scan/Purge)sfcexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSystem Informationmsinfo32exeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSystem Properties - PerformanceSystemPropertiesPerformanceexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSystem Properties - HardwareSystemPropertiesHardwareexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSystem Properties - AdvancedSystemPropertiesAdvancedexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSystem Repair - Create a System Repair DiscrecdiscexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableSystem RestorerstruiexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableTask ManagertaskmgrexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleTask Schedulertaskschd.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableTelnet ClienttelnetexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableTrusted Platform Module Initialization WizardtpmInitexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableUser Accounts (Autologon)control userpasswords2exeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableUser Account Control (UAC) SettingsUserAccountControlSettingsexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableUser Profiles - Edit/Change typeC:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe sysdm.cpl,EditUserProfilesexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Disc Image Burning Toolisoburn C:\movies\madmax.isoexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Explorerexplorer.exeexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows FeaturesoptionalfeaturesexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Firewallfirewall.cplexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleWindows Firewall with Advanced Securitywf.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Image Acquisition (scanner)wiaacmgrexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows MagnifiermagnifyexeWin7, 8, 10
Management consoleWindows Management Infrastructurewmimgmt.mscmscWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Memory Diagnostic SchedulermdschedexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Mobility Center (Mobile PCs only)mblctrexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows PowerShellpowershellexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows PowerShell ISEpowershell_iseexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Security Action Centerwscui.cplexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Script Host(VBScript)wscript NAME_OF_SCRIPT.VBSexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows System Security Tool. Encrypt the SAM database. (boot password.)syskeyexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows UpdatewuappexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Update Standalone InstallerwusaexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWindows Version (About Windows)winverexeWin7, 8, 10
ExecutableWordPadwriteexeWin7, 8, 10
DeprecatedMicrosoft.BackupAndRestoreCenter/Microsoft.BackupAndRestoreremoved in Win 8
DeprecatedMicrosoft.CardSpaceremoved in Win 8
DeprecatedMicrosoft.DesktopGadgetsremoved in Win 8
DeprecatedMicrosoft.GetProgramsOnlineremoved in Win 7
DeprecatedMicrosoft.PeopleNearMeremoved in Win 8.1
DeprecatedMicrosoft.PerformanceInformationAndToolsremoved in Win 8.1
DeprecatedMicrosoft.WindowsSidebarPropertiesremoved in Win 8.1
DeprecatedMicrosoft.WindowsSideShowremoved in Win 8.1
commandrunasrunas /user:administrator controlfull commandWin 10
commandView IP confignetsh interface ip show configfull commandWin 10
commandConfigure interface 'Local Area Connection' with [IPaddr] [Netmask] [DefaultGW]netsh interface ip set address local static [IPaddr] [Netmask] [DefaultGW] 1full commandWin 10
commandConfigure DNS server for 'Local Area Connection'netsh interface ip set dns local static [IPaddr]full commandWin 10
commandConfigure interface to use DHCPnetsh interface ip set address local dhcpfull commandWin 10
commandTurn off built-in Windows firewallnetsh firewall set opmode disablefull commandWin 10
variableC:\ProgramDataALLUSERSPROFILEvariableWin 10
variableC:\Users\{username}\AppData\RoamingAPPDATAvariableWin 10
variableThe current directory (string)CDvariableWin 10
regAdd a key to the registry on machine [TargetIPaddr] within the registry domain [RegDomain] to location [Key].reg add [\\TargetIPaddr\] [RegDomain]\[Key]RegeditWin 10
regExport all subkeys and values located in the domain [RegDomain] under the location [Key] to the file [FileName]reg export [RegDomain]\[Key] [FileName]RegeditWin 10
regImport all registry entries from the file [FileName]reg import [FileName]RegeditWin 10
regQuery for a specific Value of a Key:reg query [\\TargetIPaddr\][RegDomain]\[Key] /v [ValueName]regeditWin 10
wmicUseful [aliases]:
process
service
share
nicconfig
startup
useraccount
qfe (Quick Fix Engineering – shows patches)
wmic [alias] [where clause] [verb clause]wmicWin 10
wmicExample[where clauses]:where name="nc.exe"where (commandline like "%stuff")where (name="cmd.exe" and parentprocessid!="[pid]")wmicWin 10
wmicExample [verb clauses]:list [full|brief]get [attrib1,attrib2...]call [method]deletewmicWin 10
wmicList all attributes of [alias]wmic [alias] get /?wmicWin 10
wmicList all callable methods of [alias]wmic [alias] call /?wmicWin 10
wmicEXAMPLE: List all attributes of all running processeswmic process list fullwmicWin 10
wmicEXAMPLE: Make WMIC effect remote [TargetIPaddr]wmic /node:[TargetIPaddr] /user:[User] /password:[Passwd] process list fullwmicWin 10
ExecutableList all processes currently runningtasklistprocessWin 10
ExecutableList all processes currently running and the DLLs each has loadedtasklist /mprocessWin 10
ExecutableLists all processes currently running which have the specified [dll] loadedtasklist /m [dll]processWin 10
ExecutableList all processes currently running and the services hosted in those processestasklist /svcprocessWin 10
ExecutableQuery brief status of all servicessc queryservicesWin 10
ExecutableQuery the configuration of a specific servicesc qc [ServiceName]servicesWin 10
ExecutableShow all TCP and UDP port usage and process IDnetstat -anetworkWin 10
ExecutableTo list out only tcp connectionsnetstat -tnetworkWin 11
ExecutableListing all LISTENING Connectionsnetstat -lnetworkWin 12
ExecutableLook for usage of port [port] every [N] secondsnetstat -ano [N] | find [port]networkWin 10
ExecutableDump detailed protocol statisticsnetstat -ano -p [tcp|udp|ip|icmp]networkWin 10
commandSearch directory structure for a file in a specific directorydir /b /s [Directory]\[FileName]cplWin 10
commandCount the number of lines on StandardOuy of [Command][Command] | find /c /v ""cplWin 10
commandCounting Loop;
Set %i to an initial value of [start] and increment it by [step] at every iteration until its value is equal to [stop]. For each iteration, run [command]. The iterator variable %i can be used anywhere in the command to represent its current value
for /L %i in ([start],[step],[stop]) do [command]cplWin 10
commandIterate over file contents;
Iterate through the contents of the file on a line-by-line basis. For each iteration, store the contents of the line into %i and run [command]
for /F %i in ([file-set]) do [command]commandWin 10
Control Panel AppletLocal User Manager (includes group management)lusrmgr.msccommandWin 10
Shell CommandAccesses the account pictures folder you have in your Windows 10 device.shell:AccountPictureshellWin10
Shell CommandAdds a new program folder.shell:AddNewProgramsFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses administrative tools folder.shell:Administrative ToolsshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses AppData folder in the Windows 10 system.shell:AppDatashellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses Application Shortcuts folder.shell:Application ShortcutsshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the Apps Folder.shell:AppsFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the Apps updates folder.shell:AppUpdatesFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the Cache folder.shell:CacheshellWin10
Shell CommandAccess camera roll folder.shell:Camera RollshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the temporary burn folder.shell:CD BurningshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the Remove/Change program folder.shell:ChangeRemoveProgramsFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the Administrative Tools folder.shell:Common Administrative ToolsshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the Common AppData folder.shell:Common AppDatashellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the public desktop folder.shell:Common DesktopshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses Public Documents folder.shell:Common DocumentsshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses Programs folder.shell:Common ProgramsshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the start menu folder.shell:Common Start MenushellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses Startup folder situated in t he Windows 10 system.shell:Common StartupshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses “Common Templates” folder.shell:Common TemplatesshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses Downloads folder.shell:CommonDownloadsshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the music folder.shell:CommonMusicshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses “Pictures” folder.shell:CommonPicturesshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the ringtones folder.shell:CommonRingtonesshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the public Video folder.shell:CommonVideoshellWin10
Shell CommandAccesses the Conflict folder in the Windows 10 system.shell:ConflictFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up the connections foldershell:ConnectionsFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Contact foldershell:ContactsshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Control panel folder.shell:ControlPanelFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Cookies folder.shell:CookiesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Credential manager feature.shell:CredentialManagershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up the Crypto keys foldershell:CryptoKeysshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the CSC Folder.shell:CSCFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up the Desktop folder.shell:DesktopshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the metadata store folder.shell:Device Metadata StoreshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Documents Library foldershell:DocumentsLibraryshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Downloads foldershell:DownloadsshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the DpapiKeys foldershell:DpapiKeysshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Favorites folder.shell:FavoritesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Fonts folder.shell:FontsshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Games folder.shell:GamesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Game Tasks foldershell:GameTasksshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the History foldershell:HistoryshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the HomeGroup folder for the current user.shell:HomeGroupCurrentUserFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens HomeGroup folder.shell:HomeGroupFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Implicit Apps shortcut folder.shell:ImplicitAppShortcutsshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Internet Folder.shell:InternetFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Libraries folder.shell:LibrariesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Links folder.shell:LinksshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Local AppData folder.shell:Local AppDatashellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Local AppDataLow folder.shell:LocalAppDataLowshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens LocalizedResources folder.shell:LocalizedResourcesDirshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens MAPI folder.shell:MAPIFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens LusicLibrary folder.shell:MusicLibraryshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens My Music folder.shell:My MusicshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens My Video folder.shell:My VideoshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens MyComputer folder.shell:MyComputerFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens NetHood folder.shell:NetHoodshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens NetworkPlaces folder.shell:NetworkPlacesFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens OEM Links folder.shell:OEM LinksshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens OneDrive folder in Windows 10shell:OneDriveshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Original Images folder.shell:Original ImagesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Personal folder.shell:PersonalshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens PhotoAlbums folder.shell:PhotoAlbumsshellWin10
Shell Commandopens PicturesLibrary folder.shell:PicturesLibraryshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Playlists folder.shell:PlaylistsshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Printer folder.shell:PrintersFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens PrintHood folder.shell:PrintHoodshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Profile folder.shell:ProfileshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens ProgramFiles folder.shell:ProgramFilesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens ProgramFilesCommon folder.shell:ProgramFilesCommonshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens ProgramFilesCommonX64 folder.shell:ProgramFilesCommonX64shellWin10
Shell CommandOpens ProgramFilesCommonX86 folder.shell:ProgramFilesCommonX86shellWin10
Shell CommandOpens ProgramFilesX64 folder.shell:ProgramFilesX64shellWin10
Shell CommandOpens ProgramFilesX86 folder.shell:ProgramFilesX86shellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Programs folder.shell:ProgramsshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Public folder.shell:PublicshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens PublicAccountPictures folder.shell:PublicAccountPicturesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens PublicGameTasks folder.shell:PublicGameTasksshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens PublicLibraries folder.shell:PublicLibrariesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Quick Launch folder.shell:Quick LaunchshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up recent items foldershell:RecentshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up recorder file in the Windows 10 systemshell:RecordedTVLibraryshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the system Recycle Bin foldershell:RecycleBinFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up the Resource foldershell:ResourceDirshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up Demo foldershell:Retail DemoshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up the Ringtones folder in Windows 10shell:RingtonesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up the Roamed Tile images foldershell:Roamed Tile ImagesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Roaming Tiles foldershell:Roaming TilesshellWin10
Shell CommandIt opens the SavedGames folder you have in the Windows 10 systemshell:SavedGamesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Screenshots foldershell:ScreenshotsshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Search folder.shell:SearchesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Search History folder you have in the system.shell:SearchHistoryFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Search Home folder.shell:SearchHomeFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Search templates folder.shell:SearchTemplatesFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the SendTo folder.shell:SendToshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the SkyDriveCameraRoll folder.shell:SkyDriveCameraRollshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the SkyDriveMusic folder.shell:SkyDriveMusicshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the SkyDrivePictures folder.shell:SkyDrivePicturesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens up the Start menu folder.shell:Start MenushellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the AllPrograms folder you have in the start menu.shell:StartMenuAllProgramsshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Startup folder.shell:StartupshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the SyncCenter folder.shell:SyncCenterFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the SyncResults folder.shell:SyncResultsFoldershellWin10
Shell Commandopens the SyncSetup folder.shell:SyncSetupFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the System folder.shell:SystemshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the SystemCertificates folder.shell:SystemCertificatesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens SystemX86 folder.shell:SystemX86shellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Templates folder.shell:TemplatesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the ThisPCDesktop folder.shell:ThisPCDesktopFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens User pinned folder.shell:User PinnedshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the user profiles folder.shell:UserProfilesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Program Files folder.shell:UserProgramFilesshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Program Files Common folder.shell:UserProgramFilesCommonshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Files folder from a specific user you are logged in with.shell:UsersFilesFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the Libraries folder for a specific user.shell:UsersLibrariesFoldershellWin10
Shell CommandOpens Video library folder.shell:VideosLibraryshellWin10
Shell CommandOpens the "Windows" folder.shell:WindowsshellWin10
Key ShortcutClose GUI windowsALT+F4shortcutWin 10
OpenSSLCreate new Private Key and Certificate Signing Requestreq -out geekflare.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout geekflare.keyOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCreate a Self-Signed Certificate (dafault 30 days)openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout gfselfsigned.key -out gfcert.pemOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCreate a Self-Signed Certificate (for 2 years)openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 730 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout gfselfsigned.key -out gfcert.pemOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLPrint certificate’s fingerprint as md5, sha1, sha256 digestopenssl x509 -in cert.pem -fingerprint -sha256 -nooutOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLVerify CSR fileopenssl req -noout -text -in geekflare.csrOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCreate RSA Private Key (2048-bis is secure enough)openssl genrsa -out private.key 2048OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLRemove Passphrase from Keyopenssl rsa -in certkey.key -out nopassphrase.keyOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLPrint public key or modulus onlyopenssl rsa -in example.key -puboutOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLPrint textual representation of RSA keyopenssl rsa -in example.key -text -nooutOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCheck your private key.openssl rsa -check -in example.keyOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLEncrypt existing private key with a passphraseopenssl rsa -des3 -in example.key -out example_with_pass.keyOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLVerify Private Keyopenssl rsa -in certkey.key –checkOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLVerify Certificate Fileopenssl x509 -in certfile.pem -text –nooutOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLVerify the Certificate Signer Authorityopenssl x509 -in certfile.pem -noout -issuer -issuer_hashOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCheck Hash Value of A Certificateopenssl x509 -noout -hash -in bestflare.pemOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLConvert DER to PEM formatopenssl x509 –inform der –in sslcert.der –out sslcert.pemOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLConvert PEM to DER formatopenssl x509 –outform der –in sslcert.pem –out sslcert.derOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLConvert Certificate and Private Key to PKCS#12 formatopenssl pkcs12 –export –out sslcert.pfx –inkey key.pem –in sslcert.pemOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLConvert Certificate and Private Key to PKCS#12 format including chainsopenssl pkcs12 –export –out sslcert.pfx –inkey key.pem –in sslcert.pem -chain cacert.pemOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCreate CSR using an existing private keyopenssl req –out certificate.csr –key existing.key –newOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCheck contents of PKCS12 format certopenssl pkcs12 –info –nodes –in cert.p12OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLConvert PKCS12 format to PEM certificateopenssl pkcs12 –in cert.p12 –out cert.pemOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCombine several certificates in PKCS7 (P7B)openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile child.crt -certfile ca.crt -out example.p7bOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCombine a PEM and a private key to PKCS#12 (.pfx .p12) + chainsopenssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privkey.pem -in certificate.pem -certfile ca-chain.pemOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLConvert a PKCS#12 file (.pfx .p12) back to PEM (for export)openssl pkcs12 -in keystore.pfx -out keystore.pem -nodesOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLList available EC curves supported in OpenSSLopenssl ecparam -list_curvesOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLTest SSL certificate of particular URLopenssl s_client -connect yoururl.com:443 –showcertsOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLFind out OpenSSL versionopenssl versionOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLList cipher suitesopenssl ciphers -vOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCheck PEM File Certificate Expiration Dateopenssl x509 -noout -in certificate.pem -datesOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLCheck Certificate Expiration Date of SSL URLopenssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout –enddateOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLSSL check if SSL3 is accepted on URLopenssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 -ssl2OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLSSL check if SSL3 is accepted on URLopenssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 –ssl3OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLSSL check if TLS1 is accepted on URLopenssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 –tls1OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLSSL check if TLS1.1 is accepted on URLopenssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 –tls1_1OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLSSL check if TLS1.2 is accepted on URLopenssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 –tls1_2OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLVerify if the particular cipher is accepted on URLopenssl s_client -cipher 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA' -connect secureurl:443OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLConnect to a server and show full certificate chainopenssl s_client -showcerts -host example.com -port 443 OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLOverride SN when multiple secure sites are hosted on same IPopenssl s_client -servername www.example.com -host example.com -port 443OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLMeasure SSL connection time with session reuseopenssl s_time -connect example.com:443 -newOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLMeasure SSL connection time without session reuseopenssl s_time -connect example.com:443 -reuseOpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLMeasure speed of security algorithms, rsaopenssl speed rsa2048OpenSSLWin and Unix
OpenSSLMeasure speed of security algorithms, ecdsapopenssl speed ecdsap256OpenSSLWin and Unix
openssl, curlExamine TCP and SSL handshake times using curlcurl -kso /dev/null -w "tcp:%{time_connect}, ssldone:%{time_appconnect}\n" https://example.comOpenSSLWin and Unix
curlCheck URLcurl https://domain.com/cURLWin and Unix
curlstore the output of URL in a filecurl -o website https://domain.com/cURLWin and Unix
curlDownload filescurl -O https://domain.com/file.zipcURLWin and Unix
curlDownload with different namecurl -o archive.zip https://domain.com/file.zipcURLWin and Unix
curlFetch Multiple Files at a timecurl -O URL1 -O URL2cURLWin and Unix
curlGet HTTP header informationcurl -I http://domain.comcURLWin and Unix
curlGet HTTP only response header informationcurl -i https://domain.com/cURLWin and Unix
curlAccess an FTP servercurl ftp://ftp.domain.com --user username:passwordcURLWin and Unix
curldownload files via FTPcurl ftp://ftp.domain.com/filename.extension --user username:passwordcURLWin and Unix
curlupload a file onto the FTP server:curl -T filename.extension ftp://ftp.domain.com/ --user username:passwordcURLWin and Unix
curlFollow HTTP Location Headers with -L optioncurl -L http://www.google.comcURLWin and Unix
curlContinue/Resume a Previous Downloadcurl -O http://domain.com/gettext.htmlcURLWin and Unix
curlLimit the Rate of Data Transfercurl --limit-rate 1000B -O http://domain.com/gettext.htmlcURLWin and Unix
curlDownload only if modified before/aftercurl -z 01-Jan-19 http://www.example.com/yy.htmlcURLWin and Unix
curlPass HTTP Authentication in cURLcurl -u username:password URLcURLWin and Unix
curlMore info Verbose and Trace Optioncurl -v http://google.comcURLWin and Unix
curlSend Mail using SMTP Protocolcurl --mail-from test@test.com --mail-rcpt foo@test.com smtp://mailserver.comcURLWin and Unix
curlPerform an HTTP POST requestcurl -X GET https://domain.com/cURLWin and Unix
curlPerform an HTTP PUT requestcurl -X PUT https://domain.com/cURLWin and Unix
curlView External IPcurl wtfismyip.com/json
curl eth0.me
curl ipecho.net/plain
curl icanhazip.com
curl l2.io/ip
curl ifconfig.me/ip
curl httpbin.org/ip
cURLWin
digView External IPdig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.comUnix
nslookupView External IPnslookup myip.opendns.com resolver1.opendns.comnslookupWin
.Net Version checkView .Net version - Navigate to latest folder\%windir%\Microsoft.NET\FrameWork then .\MSBuild.exe -versionMSBuild.exe -versionWin
mstscFull-screen mode
Admin mode
Matches with local desktop
Matches to to the Client Layout
Edit before running
===
Switches RDP full or windowed mode
Forces rdp full-screen
Take screenshot pf active rdp window
Reboot remote computer
Take screenshot of entire rdp
mstsc /f
mstsc /admin
mstsc /span
mstsc /multimon
mstsc /edit “connection file”
===
Ctrl + Alt + Pause
Ctrl + Alt + Break
Ctrl + Alt + Minus
Ctrl + Alt + Plus
Ctrl + Alt + End
Rdp Commands
mstsc
multimon
span
Win
net viewDisplay a list of computers
List the File/Printer shares on a remote PC
List the shares including hidden shares
List all the shares in the domain
net view
NET VIEW \\ComputerName
NET VIEW \\ComputerName /All
NET VIEW /DOMAIN
net sharemanage file/printer sharesNET SHARE sharename /DELETE
NET SHARE devicename /DELETE
NET SHARE drive:path /DELETE
net share /del *
net useconnect to a file share (Drive MAP).
Make all future connections persistent
Disconnect from a share
Map a drive using alternate credentials - prompt for pass
NET USE F: \\ComputerName\ShareName /PERSISTENT:YES
NET USE /P:Yes
NET USE [driveletter:] /DELETE
NET USE G: \\Server\Share1 /USER:domain\username
net accountsAdjust account settingsnet accounts
[/FORCELOGOFF:{minutes | NO}]
[/MINPWLEN:length]
[/MAXPWAGE:{days | UNLIMITED}]
[/MINPWAGE:days]
[/UNIQUEPW:number] [/DOMAIN]
/]

Notes:

  • By definition, canonical names do not change based on the system language; they’re always in English, even if the system’s language is not.
  • Not all Control Panel items are present in all varieties of Windows.
  • Some Control Panel items only appear if the right hardware is detected on the system.
  • Third parties can also add Control Panel items. The canonical names listed here are only for Control Panel items that are included with Windows.
  • You can find out which Control Panel files (.cpl) are available on your version of Windows by going to c:\Windows\System32. There you find all that are available.
  • You may open different tabs directly by adding ,x to the command, e.g. sysdm.cpl,4 to open the System Protection tab of the System Properties control panel applet. This works on the command prompt, but does not on Start or the Run Box.
  • You can run applets with elevated privileges by starting them from an elevated command prompt. Hold down Ctrl and Shift on the keyboard when you launch the Command Prompt to do so.
  • The canonical names used above may be used to reference these items in the Group Policy.

Notes for CPL applets:

  • Color is not available by default but is available for free from Microsoft. Download from MajorGeeks.
  • WinColor.exe must be run from the C:\Program Files\Pro Imaging Powertoys\Microsoft Color Control Panel Applet for Windows XP folder.
  • Device Manager here being commonly used is not a true Control Panel applet in Windows XP. See How to Open Windows XP Device Manager for more information.
  • The Mail applet is only available if a version of Microsoft Office Outlook is installed.
  • Control mlcfg32.cpl command must be run from the C:\Programs Files\Microsoft Office\OfficeXX folder, replacing OfficeXX with the folder pertaining to the Microsoft Office version you have installed.
  • ODBC Data Source Administrator was removed from Control Panel after Windows XP but is still available from Administrative Tools.
  • In Windows 8, 7, and Vista, task scheduling is performed by Task Scheduler which is not directly accessible from Control Panel. However, executing this command in those versions of Windows will forward to Task Scheduler.
  • Software Explorers is the name for the Control Panel applet for Windows Defender, available for free here as part of Microsoft Security Essentials.
  • Msascui.exe must be run from the C:\Program Files\Windows Defender folder.
  • control sapi.cpl command must be run from the C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Speech folder.
  • Windows Defender is available in Windows XP but the Control Panel applet is instead called Software Explorers.
  • Windows Update is also used in Windows XP but only via the Windows Update website, not via a Control Panel applet like in later versions of Windows.
  • Bthprops.cpl in (Win 8) opens Devices in PC Settings which will list any Bluetooth Devices. In Windows 7, bthprops.cpl opens athe Bluetooth Devices list under Devices and Printers. In Windows Vista, bthprops.cpl opens a true Control Panel applet called Bluetooth Devices.
  • Create a GodMode Folder granting access to extra Control Panel features. Create new foldare and name it: God Mode.{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C}

Deprecated Canonical Names

  • Microsoft.BackupAndRestoreCenter/Microsoft.BackupAndRestore — Removed in Windows 8
  • Microsoft.CardSpace — Removed in Windows 8
  • Microsoft.DesktopGadgets Removed in Windows 8
  • Microsoft.GetProgramsOnline — Removed in Windows 7
  • Microsoft.PeopleNearMe — Removed in Windows 8.1
  • Microsoft.PerformanceInformationAndTools –Removed in Windows 8.1
  • Microsoft.WindowsSidebarProperties — Removed in Windows 8
  • Microsoft.WindowsSideShow — Removed in Windows 8.1

Total Commander Shortcuts

Intro

Total Commander is a file manager for Windows, a program like Windows Explorer to copy, move or delete files. However, Total Commander can do much more than Explorer, e.g. pack and unpack files, access ftp servers, compare files by content, etc!
It was known as Windows Commander and in 2002 there was a name change – the new name is “Total Commander”.
See the latest version at https://www.ghisler.com/
Total Commander is very configurable, and you should take advantage of this. Go through the entire Configuration dialog, and set it up the way you like it. If you don’t understand what an option does, consult the manual. This may take you 15 minutes, but the program will work the way you want it afterwards. Some suggestions follow.

GUI vs CommandLine interface

Limiting yourself to classic GUI interface is not wise. Command line interface , especially in mixed form when elements of the GUI can be used to help to form a command and provide feedback is powerful and available tools that should not be abandoned just because it is out of fashion. But the opposite danger also exists. In a way extremes meet: It is equally unwise to completely ignore GUI interface (and mouse as a very useful, excellent tool) like some Unix sysadmin prefer. There are situations when using GUI is much more productive.
And GUI interface itself should never be associated only with classic Windows-style interface. Other forms including hybrid are also possible. In this sense dominance of windows and Microsoft Office shut out all alternatives.
But, nevertheless, they do exist. (Read more at http://www.softpanorama.org/OFM/gui_vs_command_line.shtml)

Efficient Use

When using Total Commander, always remember that the keyboard is quicker than the mouse. At first, you may need to have the function key buttons in view to remember what each key does. Later on, however, you may realize that you don’t need them, and hide them to save screen space.
When moving around the directories, use the arrow keys. You can move left and right as well as up and down. To switch to the “Brief” view, press Ctrl+F1. You may also use the Home/End/PageUp/PageDown navigation keys. The selection of files is done by either holding down shift while moving around, or pressing the spacebar when a cursor is over the file you want to select. When using the spacebar method on directories, the space they occupy will be shown in the status bar. You may also select large groups of files with the right mouse button.
Total Commander also supports browser-like back/forward navigation. The same shortcut keys – Alt+Left for back and Alt+Right for forward – apply here. You can also use the mouse with the toolbar buttons. Backspace will take you one directory level up.
Be sure to make use of the internal zip packer and unpacker. Press Alt+F5 to pack a group of files, and Alt+F9 to unpack them. You may also navigate inside of archives, including nested archives. Just select one and press Enter like always. This also works for other archives, such as RAR, ACE, CAB, and the self-extracting versions of these (Press Ctrl+PageDown to navigate inside of a self-extracting archive.)
If you need to do something via the menus, try to remember the shortcut key next time. If the menu item doesn’t have a shortcut key, you can map one to your liking. Go to the Configuration dialog, and open the Misc tab. On the bottom, you’ll see the Redefine hotkeys area. If you don’t, you’re probably using an older version – the feature was introduced in version 4.02. Remapping the keys may seem a bit awkward at first. You must first choose the key combination by checking the Control, Alt, and/or Shift buttons and choosing the key that goes with them from the selection box. Then, select the command you wish to map the key to. Finally, click the checkbox button to make the key binding take effect.
Selecting files is very easy. Just right-click a file to select it. Right-click again to deselect. You can also drag the right mouse button to select groups of files. Selection with the keyboard is very versatile. Here’s a short list of shortcuts you should be familiar with (I only listed the most useful ones).

Moving Files with Rename

KeystrokeFunction
SpacebarSelect or deselect the file at the cursor.
+/- (number pad)Select/deselect files using a mask you specify.
Ctrl +/-Select/deselect all files.
Alt +/-Select/deselect all files with the same extension.
*Reverse selection.

Defining Colors for Different File Types

You can make file browsing a lot easier by using the Define colors by file type option. This is very useful if you often work with a particular kind of file. To use this feature, go to the Options dialog (Configuration | Options) and then switch to the Color tab. Click the Define colors by file type button; You’ll have to check the checkbox next to it if it isn’t already checked. Besides defining colors by a file’s name, you can also define colors by the file’s attributes, size, or other options. For example, you could define the colors so that files larger than a certain size are easily visible, or so that executable files are a different color. It’s a good idea to make directories a different color, especially if you aren’t using symbols (icons) so that they stand out in a directory listing. The possibilities are endless!

Using the Multi-Rename Tool

Learn how to use the Multi-Rename Tool, a new feature in Total Commander 4.50 and above. It can be very useful if you need to rename a large amount of files using the same rule. Select all the files you want to rename, and then press Ctrl+M. If you need help, press F1 for detailed documentation.

Copying a File’s Name

To quickly copy a file’s name, press Shift+F6 and then Ctrl+C or Shift+Ins to copy its name. Press Escape to cancel the rename process.

Displaying All Files in a Directory Tree

Total Commander 4.52 also includes a great command to view all files in a subdirectory. This is useful in many different situations, such as renaming a group of files that are distributed among a tree of directories. To use this feature, just press Ctrl+B. If you don’t have version 4.52, you can duplicate this feature with the following steps:

  1. Open the Find Files dialog by pressing Alt+F7.
  2. Leave the Search for field blank, and press the Start search button (or just press Enter).
  3. Press Feed to listbox (Alt+L).

This feature can also be used in conjunction with the Multi-Rename Tool. Be careful when using it, though, as it can take a very long time to list all of the files in a big tree, such as the root directory of a drive.

Shortcuts

Generic

F1Help
F2Reread source window
F3List files
F4Edit files
F5Copy files
F6Rename or move files
F7Create directory
F8Delete files to recycle bin /delete directly – according to configuration (or Delete)
F9Activate menu above source window (left or right)
F10Activate left menu or deactivate menu
Alt+F1change left drive
Alt+F2change right drive
Alt+F3Use alternate (external or internal) viewer
Alt+Shift+F3Start Lister and load file with internal viewer (no plugins or multimedia)
Alt+F4Exit | Minimize (with option MinimizeOnClose in wincmd.ini)
Alt+F5Pack files
Alt+Shift+F5Move to archive
Alt+F6Unpack specified files from archive under cursor, or selected archives (use Alt+F9 on Windows 95)
Alt+F7Find
Alt+F8Opens the history list of the command line
Alt+F9Same as ALT+F6 (because ALT+F6 is broken on Windows 95)
Alt+Shift+F9Test archives
Alt+F10Opens a dialog box with the current directory tree
Alt+F11Opens left current directory bar (breadcrumb bar)
Alt+F12Opens right current directory bar (breadcrumb bar)
Alt+Shift+F11Focus the button bar to use it with the keyboard
Shift+F1Custom columns view menu
Shift+F2Compare file lists
Shift+F3List only file under cursor, when multiple files selected
Shift+F4Create new text file and load into editor
Shift+F5Copy files (with rename) in the same directory
Shift+Ctrl+F5Create shortcuts of the selected files
Shift+F6Rename files in the same directory
Shift+F8/DeleteDelete directly / delete to recycle bin – according to configuration
Shift+F10Show context menu
Shift+EscMinimizes Total Commander to an icon
Alt+Arrow left / Arrow rightGo to previous/next dir of already visited dirs
Alt+Arrow downOpen history list of already visited dirs (like the history list in a WWW browser)
Num +Expand selection (configurable: just files or files and folders)
Num –Shrink selection
Num *Invert selection (also with shift, see link)
Num /Restore selection
Shift+Num+[+]Like Num +, but files and folders if Num + selects just files (and vice versa)
Shift+Num+-Always removes the selection just from files (Num – from files and folders)
Shift+Num+*Like Num *, but files and folders if Num * inverts selection of just files (and vice versa)
Ctrl+Num +Select all (configurable: just files or files and folders)
Ctrl+Shift+Num +Select all (files and folders if CTRL+Num + selects only files)
Ctrl+Num –Deselect all (always files and folders)
Ctrl+Shift+Num –Deselect all (always files, no folders)
Alt+Num +Select all files with the same extension
Alt+Num –Remove selection from files with the same extension
Ctrl+Page upChange to parent directory (cd ..) , or Backspace
Ctrl+<Jump to the root directory (most European keyboards)
Ctrl+\Jump to the root directory (US keyboard)
Ctrl+Page downOpen directory/archive (also self extracting .EXE archives)
Ctrl+Arrow left / Arrow rightOpen directory/archive and display it in the target window. If the cursor is not on a directory name, or the other panel is active, then the current directory is displayed instead.
Ctrl+F1File display ‘brief’ (only file names)
Ctrl+Shift+F1Thumbnails view (preview pictures)
Ctrl+F2File display ‘full’ (all file details)
Ctrl+Shift+F2Comments view (new comments are created with Ctrl+Z)
Ctrl+F3Sort by name
Ctrl+F4Sort by extension
Ctrl+F5Sort by date/time
Ctrl+F6Sort by size
Ctrl+F7Unsorted
Ctrl+F8Display directory tree
Ctrl+Shift+F8Cycle through separate directory tree states: one tree, two trees, off
Ctrl+F9Print file under cursor using the associated program
Ctrl+F10Show all files
Ctrl+F11Show only programs
Ctrl+F12Show user defined files
TabSwitch between left and right file list
Shift+TabSwitch between current file list and separate tree (if enabled)
InsertSelect file or directory.
SpaceSelect file or directory (as INSERT). If SPACE is used on an unselected directory under the cursor, the contents in this directory are counted and the size is shown in the “full” view instead of the string . This can be disabled through ‘Configuration’ – ‘Options’ – ‘Operation’ – ‘Selection with Space’.
EnterChange directory / run program / run associated program / execute command line if not empty. If the source directory shows the contents of an archive, further information on the packed file is given.
Shift+Enter1. Runs command line / program under cursor with preceding command /c and leave the program’s window open. Only works if NOCLOSE.PIF is in your Windows directory! 2. With ZIP files: use alternative choice of these (as chosen in Packer config): (Treat archives like directories <-> call associated program, i.e. winzip or quinzip) 3. In the list of last used dirs (History, Ctrl+D), open the directory on a new Tab.
Alt+Shift+EnterThe contents of all directories in the current directory are counted. The sizes of the directories are then shown in the “full” view instead of the string . Abort by holding down ESC key.
Alt+EnterShow property sheet.
Ctrl+aSelect all
Ctrl+bDirectory branch: Show contents of current dir and all subdirs in one list
Ctrl+Shift+bSelected directory branch: Show selected files, and all in selected subdirs
Ctrl+cCopy files to clipboard
Ctrl+xCut files to clipboard
Ctrl+vPaste from clipboard to current dir.
Ctrl+dOpen directory hotlist (‘bookmarks’)
Ctrl+fConnect to FTP server
Ctrl+Shift+fDisconnect from FTP server
Ctrl+iSwitch to target directory
Ctrl+lCalculate occupied space (of the selected files)
Ctrl+mMulti-Rename-Tool
Ctrl+Shift+mChange FTP transfer mode
Ctrl+nNew FTP connection (enter URL or host address)
Ctrl+pCopy current path to command line
Ctrl+qQuick view panel instead of file window
Ctrl+rReread source directory
Ctrl+sOpen Quick Filter dialog and activate filter (deactivate with ESC or CTRL+F10)
Ctrl+Shift+sOpen Quick Filter dialog and reactivate last-used filter
Ctrl+tOpen new folder tab and activate it
Ctrl+Shift+tOpen new folder tab, but do not activate it
Ctrl+uExchange directories
Ctrl+Shift+uExchange directories and tabs
Ctrl+wClose currently active tab
Ctrl+Shift+wClose all open tabs
Ctrl+zEdit file comment
Ctrl+Arrow upOpen dir under cursor in new tab
Ctrl+Shift+Arrow UpOpen dir under cursor in other window (new tab)
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+TabJump to next tab / jump to previous tab
Ctrl+Alt+LetterQuick search for a file name (starting with specified letters) in the current directory (Support hotkeys Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V and Ctrl+A; use Ctrl+S for search filter on/off)

FTP

Ctrl+FConnect to FTP Server
Ctrl+SHIFT+FDisconnect current FTP connection
Ctrl+NNew FTP connection

Selections

Insert­/SpaceSelect current file/f­older
Num *Invert selection
Num /Restore selection
Ctrl+ASelect all
Ctrl+lCalculate occupied space of selecte files
Ctrl+Num –Deselect all
Alt+Num+Select all files with extension
Alt+Num-Deselect all files with extension

Moving around

Alt+F1Change left drive
Alt+F2Change right drive
Alt+Arrow DownOpen list of visited direct­ories
Alt+Arrow LeftJump to previous directory
Alt+Arrow RightJump to next directory
Ctrl+<Jump to root directory
BackspaceChange to parent directory
TabSwitch between left and right file list

Navigation

Alt+F1Change left drive
Alt+F2Change right drive
Alt+Arrow DownOpen list of visited direct­ories
Alt+Arrow LeftJump to previous directory
Alt+Arrow RightJump to next directory
Ctrl+<Jump to root directory
BackspaceChange to parent directory
TabSwitch between left and right file list

View

Ctrl+uSwap left & right view
F2/Ctrl+rRefresh current directory
Ctrl+bShow contents of current dir and all subdirs in one list
Ctrl+S­hift+BSelected directory branch
Alt+EnterShow file properties window
F1Help
Ctrl+lCalculate occupied space (of selecte files)

File manipu­lation

F3List file contents
Shift+F3List file under cursor with multiple files selected
F4Edit files
Shift+F4Create new text file and load in editor
F5/Ctrl+cCopy file
Shift+F5Copy files (with rename) in same directory
F6Rename or move files
Shift+F6Rename files in same directory
F7Create directory
F8/DeleteDelete files
Ctrl+vPaste file in current directory
Ctrl+xCut file
Ctrl+mMulti-­rename tool

Archiving

Alt+F5Pack files
Alt+Sh­ift+F5Move to archive
Alt+F6Unpack from archive under cursor
Alt+Sh­ift+F9Test archives

File sorting

Ctrl+F3Sort by name
Ctrl+F4Sort by extension
Ctrl+F5Sort by date/time
Ctrl+F6Sort by size
Ctrl+F7Unsorted

Searching

Ctrl+sQuick search
Alt+F7Find

Command Line with TC

%comspec%            Envoke CMD (ancient times)
CMD                         Envoke CMD
CMD /C                    Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates
CMD /K                    Carries out the command specified by string but remains
(For more complete CMD with switches see relevant CMD cheatsheet)

Other

Ctrl+Shift+w                              Close all open tabs
Ctrl+z                                          Edit file comment
Ctrl+Arrow up                           Open dir under cursor in new tab
Ctrl+Shift+Arrow                     Up Open dir under cursor in other window (new tab)
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab        Jump to next tab / jump to previous tab
Ctrl+Alt+Letter                          Quick search for a file name (starting with specified letters) in the current directory
                                                       (Support hotkeys Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V and Ctrl+A; use Ctrl+S for search filter on/off)
Ctrl+ArrowLeft/Right Duplicate current path of the panel in the other panel

Button Bar Parameters

Total Commander Button Bar Parameters

?As the first parameter causes a Dialog box to be displayed before starting the program, containing the following parame­ters. You can change the parameters before starting the program. You can even prevent the program’s execution.
%PCauses the source path to be inserted into the command line, including a backslash (\) at the end.
%NPlaces the filename under the cursor into the command line.
%TInserts the current target path. Especially useful for packers.
%MPlaces the current filename in the target directory into the command line.
%OPlaces the current filename without extension into the command line.
%EPlaces the current extension (without leading period) into the command line. Note: %N and %M insert the long name, while %n and %m insert the DOS alias name (8.3). %P and %T insert the long path name, and %p and %t the short path name. (Same for %o and %e)
%%Inserts the percent sign.
%LLong file names including the complete path, e.g. c:\Program Files\Long name.exe
%l (lowercase L)Short file names including the complete path, e.g. C:\PRO­GRA­~1­\LON­GNA­~1.EXE
%FLong file names without path, e.g. Long name.exe
%fShort file names without path, e.g. LONGNA­~1.EXE
%DShort file names including the complete path, but using the DOS character set for accents.
%dShort file names without path, but using the DOS character set for accents.

How-to use button bar parameters

Step 1.Create a new button on the button bar
Step 2.Using the menu, insert the path to the ImgBurn executable
Step 3.Insert the string below as the value in the Parameters box:
This will feed a file to the standard build menu?/MODE BUILD /BUILD­INP­UTMODE STANDARD /BUILD­OUT­PUTMODE DEVICE /SRCLIST “­%P%­N” /FILES­YSTEM “­UDF­” /UDFRE­VISION “­1.0­2” /NOIMA­GED­ETAILS /ROOTF­OLDER YES /NOSAV­ESE­TTINGS /VERIFY /VOLUM­ELABEL “­%O”
 
You can use the cheats above to figure out what is going on in this string.
Step 4.Choose the icon for the button and press ok.

Total Commander Links

The Total Commander Sitehttp:/­/ww­w.g­his­ler.com/
TC wikihttps://www.ghisler.ch/wiki
An unofficial database of pluginswww.to­tal­cmd.net
Source of this cheatsheethttp:/­/ww­w.g­his­ler.ch­/wi­ki/­ind­ex.p­hp­/Bu­tto­nba­r#S­pec­ial­_pa­ram­eters:
TC forumhttps://www.ghisler.ch/board/

Overview

Like any powerful tool, Total Commander won’t work the way you want it right away. Until you use it a little and learn how it works, it may even seem a bit uncomfortable. But don’t be discouraged, as the payoff is too great to ignore. You’ll do all your file management a lot faster. An experienced person using Total Commander may seem like a magician to observers.

Linux Commands

History

How to clear the terminal command history

Clearing typed commands from terminal history: By default, up to the last 500 command lines a user types in the terminal window are saved into a hidden .bash_history file. The previously typed commands can be readily accessed by using the up and down arrow keys. This makes it easy to retrieve and reuse your recently used commands. However, maybe you want to clear the terminal command history list and start fresh? This simple tutorial explains the process of viewing and then optionally clearing the terminal history. Viewing the complete terminal command history: To view the complete history of commands typed in the terminal “for the logged in user”, open the terminal and type history How to clear the terminal command line history:

  1. Login with the user account whose terminal history you plan to clear
  2. Open a terminal window and type
    history -c
  3. Repeat the process if necessary for each user account

How to delete a single command from history on a Linux

  I‘m working in Ubuntu bash terminal application and remotely on a RHEL server in cloud platform. I typed the wrong and dangerous command. I no longer wish to remember dangerous command in the history file. How can I remove or delete a single command from bash history file?   You can use the history command to clear all history or selected command line.

How do I view history with line number?

Simply type the history command:

$ history

Sample outputs:

How to delete a single command number 1013 from history

The syntax is:

## Delete the bash history entry at offset OFFSET ##history -d offset   history -d number history -d 1013

Verify it:

$ history

How do I delete all the history?

The syntax is:
history -c

Tip: Control bash history like a pro

First, you can increase your bash history size by appending the following config option in ~/.bashrc file:


Save and close the file.

Where to find more information about history command?

    You can read bash man page by typing the following command:  
$ man bash  
Or simply type the following command:  
$ help history      

FIND

Find command examples

Let us try out some examples.

Finding files and printing their full name

You wish to find out all *.c (all c source code) files located under /home directory, enter: $ find /home -name “*.c” You would like to find httpd.conf file location: $ find / -name httpd.conf

Finding all files owned by a user

Find out all files owned by user USER: # find / -user USER Find out all *.sh owned by user USER: # find / -user USER -name “*.sh”

Finding files according to date and time

Files not accessed in a time period – It is useful to find out files that have or have not been accessed within a specified number of days. Following command prints all files not accessed in the last 7 days: # find /home -atime +7

  • -atime +7: All files that were last accessed more than 7 days ago
  • -atime 7: All files that were last accessed exactly 7 days ago
  • -atime -7: All files that were last accessed less than7 days ago

Finding files modified within a specified time – Display list of all files in /home directory that were not last modified less than then days ago. # find /home -mtime -7

Finding newer (more recently) modified files

Use -newer option to find out if file was modified more recently than given file. # find /etc/apache-perl -newer /etc/apache-perl/httpd.conf

Finding the most recent version of file

It is common practice before modifying the file is copied to somewhere in system. For example whenever I modify web server httpd.conf file I first make backup. Now I don’t remember whether I had modified the /backup.conf/httpd.conf or /etc/apache-perl/httpd.conf. You can use the find command as follows (tip you can also use ls -l command): find / -name httpd.conf -newer /etc/apache-perl/httpd.conf

Locate command

The locate command is often the simplest and quickest way to find the locations of files and directories on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.   For example, the following command uses the star wildcard to display all files on the system that have the .c filename extension: # locate “*.c”    

Rename

Linux Rename File Command

  I‘m a new Linux user. How do I rename a file called resumezzz.pdf to resume.pdf using Linux bash command prompt?   You need to use the mv command. It is used to rename and move files and directories. The general syntax is as follows:  

mv old-file-name new-file-name mv [options] old-file-name new-file-name mv file1 file2

  In this example, the following command would rename a file called resumezzz.pdf to resume.pdf. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type:  

mv resumezzz.pdf resume.pdf

  If resumezzz.pdf is located in /home/user/docs/files directory, type:  

cd /home/user/docs/files mv resumezzz.pdf resume.pdf

  OR  

mv /home/user/docs/files/resumezzz.pdf /home/user/docs/files/resume.pdf

  Use the ls command to view files:

ls -l file1 ls -l file1 file2 ls -l /home/user/docs/files/*.pdf ls -l *.pdf   =============== NAMING

Linux rename a file syntax

In short, to rename a file:  

mv file1 file2

  You can get verbose output i.e. mv command can explain what is being done using the following syntax:  

mv -v file1 file2

  Sample outputs: `file1′ -> `file2′   ========   REMOVE

EXECUTABLE:   There are a couple ways. If you just want to do this temporarily, you can remove the execute bit from the file:

$ chmod -x /etc/init.d/varnish

Then re-add it when appropriate:

$ chmod +x /etc/init.d/varnish

The “official” way in Ubuntu (as well as in Debian and other Debian derivatives), though, is to use the update-rc.d command:

$ update-rc.d varnish disable    

Search and Find

SEARCH AND FIND files in locations

find / -xdev -name vip_monitor,sh  953  find / -xdev -name vip_monitor.sh  954  mv /root/vip_monitor.sh /root/vip_monitor.sh_

USE OF SH FILE AND EXTENSIONS

Run .bin file in Linux / UNIX

Change the permission of the file you downloaded to be executable. Type the following command: $ chmod +x file.bin Start the installation process or run .bin file. Type the following command: ./file.bin For example if .bin file name is application.bin. Type the following commands: $ chmod +x application.bin $ ./application.bin   Another example for Java Linux self extracting binary file: $ chmod +x jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin $ ./jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin

OR $ sh jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin    

Correct way to disable init-scripts to start at boottime on Debian

  In several articles and forums I see people telling the way of removing the init-script on a Debian system would be:   update-rc.d -f init-script-name remove   The more appropriate way is to disable the init-script from running at boottime:   update-rc.d init-script-name stop levels   In this way you prevent that in case you upgrade the package a new init-script will be created with the defaults. If the init-script is written with the defaults the init-script might start the process again at boot-up. If you disabled the init-script from running at boottime the init-script would not be recreated or overwritten with the init-script in the update.

System Commands

System Commands

shutdown bring the system down shutdown -h now -h = Halt or poweroff after shutdown
shutdown -r now -r : Reboot after shutdown
shutdown -r -F now -F : Force fsck after reboot.
halt stop the system. halt
reboot reboot the system. reboot
init init 1 #change to single usermode
uptime Tell how long the system has been running. uptime
runlevel find the previous and current system runlevel. runlevel
printenv print all or part of environment printenv
env run a program in a modified environment env
hostname show or set the system’s host name hostname – show the system’s host name
hostname NEWHOSTNASME – set the system’s host name
uname print system information uname -a – print all information
locale Get locale-specific information. locale
locale -a |grep -i ja <- -a : –all-locales

Process Management

ps report a snapshot of the current processes. ps aux |grep httpd ← Check httpd rocess
ps aux | grep XXX | awk ‘{print $2}’ | xargs kill -9
ps auxwf
ps auxwf |grep XXX
pgrep look up processes based on name and other attributes pgrep -f ‘bash’
pgrep -lf ‘bash’ ← output with process name
pgrep -f ‘bash’ | xargs kill
pstree display a tree of processes pstree -a
pidof find the process ID of a running program pidof httpd
/bin/kill $(/sbin/pidof qmail-popup)
kill send a signal to a process kill -9 PID ← (-9 or -KILL = force-quit)
pkill signal processes based on name and other attributes pkill -f ‘bash’
pkill -u user1
pkill java
pkill -f jar
killall kill processes by name killall vi
killall -i vi ← -i = Interactively
killall -HUP kterm
killproc
lsof list open files lsof -i
lsof -i -P ← no port names
lsof -i :80,443 ← Which process is using Port 80,443
Ctrl + C Stop running process
Ctrl + Z Suspend running process Move Running Process to Background
1. ctrl + z
2. jobs
3. bg
4. disown %JOBID
jobs The first form lists the active jobs. jobs -l ← List job
fg Resume jobspec in the foreground
bg Resume each suspended job jobspec in the background
nohup run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty nohup command.sh &
disown disown %jobid
nice run a program with modified scheduling priority nice -n 19 test.sh
nice -n 19 ionice -c 3 CMD
nice -n 19 ionice -c 2 -n 7 COMMAND
renice alter priority of running processes renice 19 -p PID
you can check the nice whith “top” or “ps alx”.
ionice sets or gets process io scheduling class and priority ionice -p PID ← check
ionice -c 3 -p PID
nice -n 19 ionice -c 2 -n 7 COMMAND

Schedule

crontab maintain crontab files crontab -l ← -l = list user’s crontab
crontab -u USER -l
crontab -e ← -e = edit user’s crontab
crontab -u USER -e
at queue jobs for later execution echo “/sbin/shutdown -h now” |at 21:00 02/30/2009
at -t 200902302100
atq lists the user’s pending jobs atq
atrm delete jobs for later execution atrm JOBID
watch execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen watch ntpq -p ← By default, the program is run every 2 seconds
watch -n 1 ntpq -p ← 1 seconds interval
-d : highlight the differences between successive updates

etc

alias Alias with no arguments or with the -p option prints the list of aliases
When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each name whose value is given.
alias ← check all alias
alias ls=’ls -la –color=auto’
alias grep=’grep –color’
unalias Remove each name from the list of defined aliases.
If -a is supplied, all alias definitions are removed.
unalias COMMAND
ntpdate set the date and time via NTP ntpdate -b -u IP
-b : Force the time (step mode)
-u : If you are running ntpd, “-u” must be added.
chronyc command-line interface for chronyd chronyc sources
chronyc sources -v
ntpq standard NTP query program ntpq -p
-p : Print a list of the peers known to the server
watch -n 1 ntpq -p
hwclock query and set the hardware clock (RTC) hwclock (-r) ← Read the Hardware Clock and print the time on standard output.
hwclock -w ← Set the Hardware Clock to the current System Time.
hwclock -s ← Set the System Time from the Hardware Clock.
man an interface to the on-line reference manuals man COMMAND
whatis display manual page descriptions whatis KEYWORD
whatis cat
whatis vi
history GNU History Library history |less
history 5 ← lists only the last 5 lines.
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTTIMEFORMAT=“%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S ”
which locate a command which ls
time time a simple command or give resource usage time sleep 5
strace trace system calls and signals strace -t php test.php
strace -t -o test.txt php test.php
-t : each line of the trace with the time of day.
ltrace A library call tracer lltrace -o test.txt wget http://example.com/
ltrace -p PID
ltrace -p 3365
script make typescript of terminal session script -afq $LOG

Files and Directories Commands

File Commands

ls list directory contents ls -ltrh ← -r : reverse order while sorting
-h : with -l, print sizes in human readable format
ls -ltrh |less
cp copy files and directories cp -p SRC DES
cp -pi /etc/hosts{,.`date ‘+%Y%m%d’`}
cp -pr SRC/ DES/ ← -r,-R : copy directories recursively
cp -p SRC DES ← -f, –force
mv move (rename) files mv file1 file2
mv dir1 dir2
mv file1 file2 file3 DIR
rename renames multiple files rename .htm .html *.htm ← frm .htm to .html
rename “” test *.txt ← add test
rename test “” *.txt ← delete test
rm remove files or directories rm -rf TARGET ← -r,-R : remove directories
touch change file timestamps touch file1
touch -d “2017/10/20 13:00:00” file1
ln make links between files ln -s SRC DES
unlink unlink DES
wc print newline, word, and byte counts for each file wc -l ← -l, –lines = print the line counts
tree list contents of directories in a tree-like format tree -Dpuga /etc
col filter reverse line feeds from input man ifconfig | col -bfx > test.txt

Directory Commands

pwd print name of current/working directory pwd
cd Change the current directory cd ← go to home directory
cd ~/ ← go to home directory
cd .. ← go to parent directory
pushd Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack pushd /var/log
pushd `pwd`
pushd +2 ← check pushd directory with dirs -v and go to No.2
pushd +3 ← check pushd directory with dirs -v and go to No.3
popd Removes entries from the directory stack. popd
dirs displays the list of currently remembered directories. dirs -v
mkdir make directories mkdir -p /tmp/test1/test2/ ← make parent directories as needed
mkdir -m 700 /home/user01/.ssh
rmdir remove empty directories
If you want to delete directory, you must use “rm -r DIR”.
rmdir DIR

Commands to Access File Contents

more file perusal filter for crt viewing
less opposite of more crontab -l |less
view Start in read-only mode.
cat concatenate files and print on the standard output cat /dev/null > access.log
tail output the last part of files tail -n 50 aaa.txt ← output the last N lines
head output the first part of files head -n 100 aaa.txt ← -n , –lines
head * |more ← View the beginning of the file in the directory.
diff compare files line by line diff –suppress-common-lines –side-by-side File1 File2
diff /etc/test{,.`date ‘+%Y%m%d’`}
diff -r dir1 dir2 ← When comparing directories, recursively compare
sdiff side-by-side merge of file differences sdiff -s File1 File2 ← -s : Do not print common lines.
sdiff -s -w 200 File1 File2
colordiff
vimdiff vimdiff file1 file2
vim -d file1 file2

Searching

grep print lines matching a pattern grep WORD FILE |less
grep -Ev “^#|^$” xxx.txt
grep -Ev “^$|^#|^\s*#” file.txt
grep “” ifcfg-eth* ← check filename and contents
grep -r PATTERN –include=”*.txt” DIRECTORY ← -r : recursive
egrep egrep is the same as grep -E egrep “aaa|bbb” file
find , xargs search for files in a directory hierarchy find . -name “*txt*”
find /dir -type f -name “*.log*” -mtime +7 -exec rm -rf {} \;
← “-mtime +7” is 7 days ago

File Compression

tar The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
tar warn the order of target and destination.
tar zcvf test.tar.gz Dir ← Create, Verbose, File
tar ztvf test.tar.gz ← Test, Verbose, File
tar zxvf test.tar.gz ← eXtract, Verbose, File
tar jcvf test.tar.bz2 DIR ← Create, Verbose, File
tar jxvf test.tar.bz2
tar zcvf /tmp/user01.tar.gz user01
tar zxvf user01.tar.gz -C /home
gzip
gunzip
compress or expand files gzip file1
gunzip file1.gz
gzip access_log.2011-[0][5-8]*.txt ←wild card
compress
uncompress
package and compress (archive) files compress file1
uncompress file1.Z
bzip2
bunzip2
bz2cat
a block-sorting file compressor bzip2 file1
bunzip2 file1.gz2
bz2cat file1.gz2
zip
unzip
package and compress (archive) files zip file.zip file1 file2
zip -l file.zip ← -l = list for check
unzip file.zip
unzip -t file.zip ← -t = test
lha lha a file.lzh file1 file2
lha t file.lzh
lha x file.lzh
gzcat gzcat file.gz
gzcat file.Z
zcat zcat file.Z
zless file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text zless file.gz
zgrep search possibly compressed files for a regular expression zgrep PATTERN file.gz
zegrep search possibly compressed files for a regular expression zegrep “new” test.txt.gz
zdiff compare compressed files zdiff file1.gz file2.gz

Character

lv a Powerful Multilingual File Viewer / Grep
qkc
nkf Network Kanji Filter
iconv Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another iconv -f utf-8 -t sjis test.utf8 > test.sjis

User Administration

User

useradd create a new user or update default new user information useradd -u UID -g GROUP -G GROUP1,GROUP2 -s /bin/bash -d HOME_DIR LOGIN
whoami print effective userid whoami
w Show who is logged on and what they are doing. w
who show who is logged on who
who –all
userdel delete a user account and related files userdel -r USER
← (-r, –remove : Files in the user’s home directory will be removed)
vipw edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file vipw ← edit /etc/passwd
vipw -s ← edit /etc/shadow
passwd change user password echo “password01” | passwd –stdin user01
passwd -S user1 ← check about the status of the password
passwd -l user01 ← Lock the user
passwd -u user01 ← Unlock
chpasswd update passwords in batch mode echo user01:password | chpasswd
echo ‘USER:PASS’ > tmp.txt ; chpasswd < tmp.txt ; rm -f tmp.txt
mkpasswd
chage change user password expiry information chage -l USER ← check
chage -M 90 USER ← the password expires day set 90days
usermod modify a user account usermod -g GROUP USER
usermod -g GROUP -G SUBGROUP USER
usermod -G SUBGROUP USER
usermod -G SUBGROUP1,SUBGROUP2 USER
usermod -G “” USER
usermod -l USER_NAME_NEW USERNAME_OLD ← change username
usermod -d HOME_DIR_NEW USER_NAME ← change home directory
usermod -u UID USER ← change UID
gpasswd gpasswd -a USER sudo ← add USER to GROUP
gpasswd -r USER sudo ← remove USER from GROUP
chsh change login shell chsh -l ← = cat /etc/shells
chsh -s /bin/bash ← changing shell
chsh -s /bin/bash user01
getent get entries from Name Service Switch libraries getent passwd ← you can check LDAP Users
getent group
getent shadow
pam_tally2 The login counter (tallying) module pam_tally2 -u USER ← check
pam_tally2 -u USER –reset ← reset

Group

groups print the groups a user is in groups
groups USERNAME
groupadd create a new group groupadd -g GID GROUP
groupadd -g 1100 dev
groupdel delete a group groupdel GROUP
groupmod change USER’s GID groupmod -g GID GROUP
groupmod -g 1501 testgroup1
find / -gid OLDGID -print ← Check the OLD GID
chgrp change the Group of the file chgrp -R GROUP FILE
vigr edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file

File Permissions

chmod change file mode bits chmod 777 TARGET
chmod u+s PROGRAM ← add SSUID(Set User ID)
chown change file owner and group chown USER FILE
chown USER:GROUP FILE
chown -R USER:GROUP DIR ← -R : operate on files and directories recursively

Etc

finger user information lookup program finger
finger user01
finger -l user01
su change user ID or become superuser su – ← change root user
sudo su – USER -s /bin/bash
su – user1 -c “ssh user1@192.168.0.xx ls -lh /tmp” >> aaa.txt
sudo execute a command as another user sudo -u USER COMMAND
sudo sh -c ‘echo “test” >> /tmp/test.txt’
id print real and effective user and group IDs id USERNAME
last show listing of last logged in users last
last -5 ← last 5 logged in users
last USER
lastlog reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user lastlog
umask set file mode creation mask umask ← check
umask 022 ← default 666-022=644(rw-r–r–)
umask 002 ← 666-002=664(rw-rw-r–)
umask 000 ← 666-000=666(rw-rw-rw-)

Network

Network

ip show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels ip a ← print ip address
ip addr ← print ip address
ip r ← Show IP Routing
ip route ← Show IP Routing
ss another utility to investigate sockets ss -lt ← TCP Listening Port
ss -ltp ← Process Name with Listening TCP
ss -anu
ifconfig configure a network interface ifconfig ← check ip
ifconfig -a ← -a : display all interfaces
ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth0 down
ifdown take a network interface down ifdown eth0
ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0
ifup bring a network interface up ifup eth0
ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0
route show / manipulate the IP routing table route ← show the IP routing table
route -n ← show the IP routing table
route add -net 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.50.0.1
route add -host 192.168.0.100 gw 192.168.1.100
route del -net 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
traceroute print the route packets trace to network host traceroute -n 192.168.0.10
traceroute -T -p 80 192.168.0.10 ← (-T = TCP)
traceroute -U -p 53 192.168.0.10 ← DNS (-U = UDP)
tracepath traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path tracepath -n 192.168.0.10 ← UDP
*tracepath don’t use TCP.
mtr a network diagnostic tool mtr -rwb xx.xx.xx.xx -c 10 -T -P 443
ethtool Display or change ethernet card settings ethtool eth0
mii-tool view, manipulate media-independent interface status mii-tool eth0
mii-tool -vv eth0
arp manipulate the system ARP cache arp -a ← (-a : Shows the entries of the specified hosts.)
arp -d 192.168.xx.xx ← delete arp
nmcli line tool for controlling NetworkManager

DNS

dig DNS lookup utility dig -h ←help
dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type]
dig @8.8.8.8 google.com any
dig @8.8.8.8 -x 74.125.235.101
dig google.com mx
dig +trace google.com
dig +trace -x 173.252.120.6
nslookup query Internet name servers interactively nslookup -type=any google.com 8.8.8.8
nslookup google.com 8.8.8.8
nslookup -type=txt google.com
host DNS lookup utility host ← help
host [-t type] [server]
host gmail.com
host x.x.x.x
host -t any google.com 8.8.8.8
host -t mx gmail.com 8.8.8.8
host -t soa gmail.com
-t = specifies the query type
whois client for the whois service whois google.com
nscd name service cache daemon nscd –help
nscd -i hosts ← chache clear
nscd -g ← Print current configuration statistics

Connection

telnet user interface to the TELNET protocol telnet IP PORT
ssh popular OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) ssh USER@IP
ssh xx.xx.xx.xx “hostname; netstat -rn |grep 10.110.0”
ssh xx.xx.xx.xx sudo /sbin/reboot
scp secure copy (remote file copy program)
the link file copyed as the real file.
scp test.tar.gz user1@192.168.0.10:/tmp
scp -rp /home/user1 user1@192.168.0.10:/home
scp -rp /tmp/test1/ user1@192.168.0.10:/tmp/test2/
rsync popular a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
the link file copyed as the link file.

rsync -avz –delete /home/user1/ /tmp/user1.bk/
← rsync “/” is very important.
rsync -e ssh -avz –delete /home/user1/ user2@192.168.0.2:/home/backup/server1/home/user1/
rsync -e ssh -avz –-bwlimit=1250 FILE user@192.168.0.2:/DIR/ # 1Mbps = 125KBps
ssh-keygen authentication key generation, management and conversion ssh-keygen -t rsa ← generate rsa key pair
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C “” -N “” -f id_rsa
ssh-keygen -R HOST
← Removes all keys belonging to hostname from a known_hosts file.

Check

ping send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts ping -c 5 -s 1500 192.168.0.1 ​
ping -i 0.5 192.168.0.1 # -i : interval
nmap Network exploration tool and security / port scanner nmap google.com ← Check TCP
nmap -Pn -sT -p 22 xx.xx.xx.xx ← check Firewall
nmap -Pn -sT -p 443 x.x.x.x -max-rtt-timeout 0.1
nmap -PN -p 22 HOST
nmap -p 443 www.google.com
nc
netcat
Concatenate and redirect sockets nc 192.168.0.10 80 22 ← check TCP
nc -u 192.168.0.100 53 ← check UDP
nc -vz 192.168.0.10 1-1023 ← portscan
nping nping –tcp -p PORT HOST
nping -c 1 –tcp -p PORT HOST
httping measure the latency and throughput of a webserver
http_ping
hping , hping3
fping fping -g 192.168.0.0/24

HTTP

curl popular transfer a URL curl -O http://example.com/images/test.jpg
curl -I http://www.example.com/ ← Only Header
curl -i http://www.example.com/ ← Header and Body
curl –proxy http://proxy.example.com:8080 http://example.com/
wget The non-interactive network downloader. wget http://google.com/
wget -e http_proxy=xx.xx.xx.xx:8080 http://example.com/
wget -e https_proxy=xx.xx.xx.xx:8080 https://example.com/
wget -S –spider http://example.com/ ← Only Header

FTP

ftp ARPANET file transfer program
lftp Sophisticated file transfer program

SNMP

snmpwalk retrieve a subtree of management values using SNMP GETNEXT requests snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost sysname
snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1
snmpget communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET requests snmpget -v 2c 192.168.0.10 -c public .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.50.0
snmptranslate translate MIB OID names between numeric and textual forms snmptranslate -Tp | less
snmpnetstat display networking status and configuration information from a network entity via SNMP snmpnetstat -v 2c -c public -Can localhost
snmpnetstat -v 2c -c public -Ci localhost
snmpnetstat -v 2c -c public -Cs localhost

Shell Script

Shell

date print or set the system date and time date –date ’10day ago’ +”%Y%m%d” → 20061030
date +”%Y%m%d” → 20061030
date +”%H:%M” → 12:47
cp -p FILE FILE.`date +%Y%m%d`
cp -p FILE FILE.`date -d ‘1day ago’ +%Y%m%d`
tr translate or delete characters
cut remove sections from each line of files echo abcdef |cut -c 3-
echo abcdef |cut -c 2-4
sort sort lines of text files sort -t: +1 -n sample.txt
uniq report or omit repeated lines cat access_log.1 | awk {‘print $4’} |awk -F: {‘print $1$2$3’} | sort |uniq -c
logger a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module logger “test test”
basename strip directory and suffix from filenames SHELLNAME=`/usr/bin/basename $0`
SHELLNAME=`/usr/bin/basename $0 .sh`
dirname strip last component from file name DIR=`dirname ${0}`
paste merge lines of files paste -d, test1.txt test2.txt
awk echo “1 2 3 4 5” | awk ‘{ print $1 “,” $3 }’
echo “1 2 : 3 4 : 5” | awk -F: ‘{ print $2 }’
sed sed -e ‘s/xxx/XXX/g’ input.txt > output.txt
sed -i “s/IPADDR=192.168.0.10/IPADDR=192.168.0.11/g” ifcfg-eth0
mail
mailx
send and receive Internet mail
echo test | mail -s “test” -S “smtp=smtp://xx.xx.xx.xx:25” test@example.com
cat test.txt | mail -s “test” -S “smtp=smtp://xx.xx.xx.xx:25” test@example.com
while while : ; do uptime ; sleep 1 ; done
while : ; do uptime >> /tmp/tmp.txt ; sleep 1 ; done
while : ; do ps aux |grep httpd |wc -l ; sleep 1 ; done
for for i in 127.0.0.1 192.168.10.1; do ping -c 2 $i; done
sleep sleep 1
usleep sleep some number of microseconds usleep 1000000 ← 1,000,000 = 1sec
usleep 100000 ← 100,000 = 0.1sec
usleep 10000 ← 10,000 = 0.01sec

Hardware

Hardware

dmesg print or control the kernel ring buffer dmesg
lspci list all PCI devices lspci
nproc print the number of processing units available nproc
grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo
getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN

Module

lsmod show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel lsmod
modinfo show information about a Linux Kernel module modinfo MODULENAME
modinfo bnx2
insmod insert a module into the Linux Kernel
rmmod remove a module from the Linux Kernel
modprobe add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel

Disk Utilities

HDD

du estimate file space usage du -sh *
du -h –max-depth=1
fuser identify processes using files or sockets fuser -mv /mnt/test ← check
fuser -mvk /mnt/test ←(-k : Kill processes)
chroot run command or interactive shell with special root directory
hdparm get/set hard disk parameters
dumpe2fs dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information
badblocks search a device for bad blocks

Partition

df report file system disk space usage df -h ← (-h : print sizes in human readable format)
df -BG ← Bigabyte Unite
df -BM ← Megabyte Unite
sfdisk partition table manipulator for Linux sfdisk -l ←(-l : List the partitions of a device.)
fdisk manipulate disk partition table fdisk -l ← ( -l : List the partition tables)
fdisk -l /dev/sdb
fdisk -l -o +UUID
gdisk Interactive GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator
parted a partition manipulation program parted -l ← check partitions
parted /dev/mapper/mpath0
lsblk list block devices lsblk
e2label Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem

Swap

mkswap set up a Linux swap area
swapon enable devices and files for paging and swapping swapon -s ← Check
swapon -a
swapon /dev/xvda3
swapoff disable devices and files for paging and swapping swapoff -a

File Systems

mkfs build a Linux filesystem
#you must umount the device before mkfs.
mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.xfs mkfs.ext4
mkfs.ext3
#you must umount the device before mkfs. mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mkfs2fs create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesyste
#you must umount the device before mkfs.
mke2fs /dev/sdb1 ← ext2
mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1 ← ext3
xfs_info xfs_info /dev/sda1
tune2fs adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems tune2fs -l /dev/mapper/mpath0
← -l : List the contents of the filesystem superblock.
tune2fs -l /dev/mapper/mpath0 |egrep “count|interval”
tune2fs -i 0 -c 0 /dev/mapper/mpath0
← -i : interval, -c : mount count
fsck check and repair a Linux filesystem
you must umount the device before fsck.
for example single usermode and umount.
‘shutdown -r -F now’ is force fsck after reboot.
fsck -p /dev/sda1
← -p : Automatically repair (“preen”) the file system.
fsck.ext4 check and repair a Linux filesystem
e2fsck check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
resize2fs ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer resize2fs /dev/testvg/lvol0

Data

dd convert and copy a file dd if=/dev/zero of=test_10M bs=1M count=10
dd if=/dev/zero of=test_100M bs=1M count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=test_1G bs=1M count=1000
dd if=/dev/zero of=temp.bin bs=1 count=0 seek=1G ← sparse file
sync flush file system buffers
shred overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it

mount

mount mount a filesystem mount /mnt/test /dev/sda1
mount -o remount /dev/sda1
mount -t cifs //xx.xx.xx.xx/test /mnt/test -o username=guest,password=
umount unmount file systems umount /mnt/test
umount -f /mnt/test
(-f : Force unmount(in case of an unreachable NFS system))
umount -l /mnt/test
(-l : Lazy unmount.Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now )

LVM

References : LVM – How to Use LVM in Linux

LVM

lvm LVM2 tools

PV (Physical Volume)

pvs report information about physical volumes
pvdisplay display attributes of a physical volume pvdisplay
pvdisplay -C
pvcreate initialize a disk or partition for use by LVM pvcreate /dev/mapper/mpath0p1
pvcreate /dev/mapper/mpath0p1 /dev/mapper/mpath1p1
pvremove remove a physical volume pvremove /dev/mapper/mpath0p1
pvscan scan all disks for physical volumes

VG (Volume Group)

vgs report information about volume groups vgs -o +vg_tags ← check tag
vgdisplay display attributes of volume groups vgdisplay
vgdisplay -C
vgcreate create a volume group vgcreate vgdata1 /dev/hdb1 /dev/hdc1
vgremove remove a volume group vgremove vg01
vgscan scan all disks for volume groups and rebuild caches
vgchange change attributes of a volume group vgchange -a y ← activate
vgchange -a n ← deactivate
vgchange -a y vg01
vgchange -a n vg01
Check : lvdisplay VGDATA |grep Status
vgchange –addtag $(uname -n) VG_TEST
vgchange –deltag $(uname -n) VG_TEST
vgextend add physical volumes to a volume group vgextend vg01 /dev/hdd1
vgrename rename a volume group vgrename oldvg newvg

LV (Logical Volume)

lvs report information about logical volumes
lvdisplay display attributes of a logical volume lvdisplay
lvdisplay -C
lvdisplay /dev/mapper/VGDATA-lv00
lvcreate create a logical volume in an existing volume group lvcreate -l PENUMBER vgdata
lvcreate -L 150G vgdata
lvremove remove a logical volume lvremove /dev/testvg/lvol0
lvscan scan (all disks) for logical volumes
lvresize resize a logical volume lvresize -L +5G /dev/vg0/home
lvextend extend the size of a logical volume lvextend -L +5G /dev/vg0/home
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/Array00-lv00
lvreduce reduce the size of a logical volume
lvrename rename a logical volume lvrename /dev/vgdata/lvol0 /dev/vgdata/lvol1

Performance

Performance

top display Linux processes top -b -n 4 -d 5 ← interval 5sec , 4 times
sar Collect, report, or save system activity information. sar -f /var/log/sa/sa16
sar (cpu,io)
sar -r (memory)
sar -q (Loadaverage)
vmstat LIKE Report virtual memory statistics vmstat 1 ← interval 1sec (cpu, io, memory, swap)
vmstat 1 5 ← interval 1sec, 5 times (cpu, io, memory, swap)
iostat Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions. iostat -xtk 1 (cpu, io) ← interval 1sec
mpstat Report processors related statistics. mpstat -P ALL
uptime Tell how long the system has been running. while : ; do uptime ; sleep 1 ; done
while : ; do uptime » /tmp/tmp.txt ; sleep 1 ; done
w Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
free Display amount of free and used memory in the system free -m ← show output in MB
tcpdump dump traffic on a network tcpdump -n port 80 -i any
tcpdump -n not arp and not port 123 and not port 22
tcpdump host 192.168.0.10 -n -w /tmp/20110615.pcap
tcpdump -r /tmp/20110615.pcap ← -r : Read packets from file
netstat Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships netstat -anp (-a : Show both listening and non-listening sockets.)
netstat -rn (-r : Display the kernel routing tables.)
iotop simple top-like I/O monitor iotop -b -n 4 -d 15 ← interval 15sec , 4 times
dstat LIKE versatile tool for generating system resource statistics dstat -taf

Load Test

fio

Software

Software

make GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
patch apply a diff file to an original patch -p1 -N < ../xxx.patch
ldd print shared library dependencies ldd BINARY
yum popular an interactive, rpm based, package manager yum repolist ← check enabled repository
yum search STRINGS
yum info PACKAGE ← check rpm version etc
yum install PACKAGE
yum –disablerepo=* –enablerepo=test-repo repolist
rpm RPM Package Manager rpm -ivh PACKAGE.rpm ← install
rpm -e PACAGE.rpm ← uninstall
rpm -qa –last
apt
dpkg
alien alien -d package-x.x.x.rpm
alien -r package-x.x.x.deb
update-alternatives update-alternatives –config mta
rhn_register rhn_register –nox –proxy=http://192.168.0.10:9999

etc

X Window System

startx initialize an X session startx
xhost server access control program for X xhost + ← Access is granted to everyone
xauth X authority file utility

TUI

ntsysv simple interface for configuring runlevels
authconfig-tui an interface for configuring system authentication resources
system-config-securitylevel
system-config-network-tui

etc

md5sum compute and check MD5 message digest find . -type f -exec md5sum {} \; > /tmp/md5.out
← check all files
gpg OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
screen
kermit

Wireshark

Wireshark (old name is Ethereal) is a program that can run in many operating systems such as Windows, Linux, MacOS or Solaris and can analyze all the traffic going to network cards connected to computer. Analyze over 750 protocols Can capture packets and save them to a file.

Logical operators are available for all filtering.

Example: http & ip.src == 192.168.0.1
Management Frame: The frame for the connection between the network device and the client.
Control Frame: Controls the integrity of data traffic between the network device and the client.
Data Frame: The frame on which the original data is transferred.

Often used commands
Only to show the outgoing packets from the management frame. wlan.fc.type==0
To show incoming, outgoing packets through control frame. wlan.fc.type==1
To show packets transferred over the data frame. wlan.fc.type==2
Association lists the requests. wlan.fc.type_subtype==0
Association lists the answers. wlan.fc.type_subtype==1
Probe lists requests. wlan.fc.type_subtype==4
Lists the probe responses. wlan.fc.type_subtype==5
Lists Beacon signals / waves. wlan.fc.type_subtype==8
Lists the Authentication requests. wlan.fc.type_subtype==11
Lists deauthentication requests. wlan.fc.type_subtype==12
TCP lists the outgoing packets to the xx port. tcp.port == xx
TCP lists packages with the Source xx port. tcp.srcport == xx
TCP lists packages with a destination xx port. tcp.dstport == xx
UDP lists the outgoing packets to the xx port. udp.port == xx
UDP lists packets with a destination xx port. udp.srcport == xx
UDP lists packages that have the Source xx port. udp.dstport == xx
Lists the HTTP Get requests. http.request
Lists packages for the source or destination mac address. wlan.addr == MAC-Address
The source lists packages that have a mac address. wlan.sa == MAC-Address
Lists packages that have a target mac address. wlan.da == MAC-Address
To view only DHCP traffic.
DHCP uses BOOTP as its transport protocol.
udp.port == 68
bootp

Total Commander

Intro

Total Commander is a file manager for Windows, a program like Windows Explorer to copy, move or delete files. However, Total Commander can do much more than Explorer, e.g. pack and unpack files, access ftp servers, compare files by content, etc!
It was known as Windows Commander and in 2002 there was a name change – the new name is “Total Commander”.
See the latest version at https://www.ghisler.com/

Shortcuts

F1 Help
F2 Reread source window
F3 List files
F4 Edit files
F5 Copy files
F6 Rename or move files
F7 Create directory
F8 Delete files to recycle bin /delete directly – according to configuration (or Delete)
F9 Activate menu above source window (left or right)
F10 Activate left menu or deactivate menu
Alt+F1 change left drive
Alt+F2 change right drive
Alt+F3 Use alternate (external or internal) viewer
Alt+Shift+F3 Start Lister and load file with internal viewer (no plugins or multimedia)
Alt+F4 Exit | Minimize (with option MinimizeOnClose in wincmd.ini)
Alt+F5 Pack files
Alt+Shift+F5 Move to archive
Alt+F6 Unpack specified files from archive under cursor, or selected archives (use Alt+F9 on Windows 95)
Alt+F7 Find
Alt+F8 Opens the history list of the command line
Alt+F9 Same as ALT+F6 (because ALT+F6 is broken on Windows 95)
Alt+Shift+F9 Test archives
Alt+F10 Opens a dialog box with the current directory tree
Alt+F11 Opens left current directory bar (breadcrumb bar)
Alt+F12 Opens right current directory bar (breadcrumb bar)
Alt+Shift+F11 Focus the button bar to use it with the keyboard
Shift+F1 Custom columns view menu
Shift+F2 Compare file lists
Shift+F3 List only file under cursor, when multiple files selected
Shift+F4 Create new text file and load into editor
Shift+F5 Copy files (with rename) in the same directory
Shift+Ctrl+F5 Create shortcuts of the selected files
Shift+F6 Rename files in the same directory
Shift+F8/Delete Delete directly / delete to recycle bin – according to configuration
Shift+F10 Show context menu
Shift+Esc Minimizes Total Commander to an icon
Alt+Arrow left / Arrow right Go to previous/next dir of already visited dirs
Alt+Arrow down Open history list of already visited dirs (like the history list in a WWW browser)
Num + Expand selection (configurable: just files or files and folders)
Num – Shrink selection
Num * Invert selection (also with shift, see link)
Num / Restore selection
Shift+Num+[+] Like Num +, but files and folders if Num + selects just files (and vice versa)
Shift+Num+- Always removes the selection just from files (Num – from files and folders)
Shift+Num+* Like Num *, but files and folders if Num * inverts selection of just files (and vice versa)
Ctrl+Num + Select all (configurable: just files or files and folders)
Ctrl+Shift+Num + Select all (files and folders if CTRL+Num + selects only files)
Ctrl+Num – Deselect all (always files and folders)
Ctrl+Shift+Num – Deselect all (always files, no folders)
Alt+Num + Select all files with the same extension
Alt+Num – Remove selection from files with the same extension
Ctrl+Page up Change to parent directory (cd ..) , or Backspace
Ctrl+< Jump to the root directory (most European keyboards)
Ctrl+\ Jump to the root directory (US keyboard)
Ctrl+Page down Open directory/archive (also self extracting .EXE archives)
Ctrl+Arrow left / Arrow right Open directory/archive and display it in the target window. If the cursor is not on a directory name, or the other panel is active, then the current directory is displayed instead.
Ctrl+F1 File display ‘brief’ (only file names)
Ctrl+Shift+F1 Thumbnails view (preview pictures)
Ctrl+F2 File display ‘full’ (all file details)
Ctrl+Shift+F2 Comments view (new comments are created with Ctrl+Z)
Ctrl+F3 Sort by name
Ctrl+F4 Sort by extension
Ctrl+F5 Sort by date/time
Ctrl+F6 Sort by size
Ctrl+F7 Unsorted
Ctrl+F8 Display directory tree
Ctrl+Shift+F8 Cycle through separate directory tree states: one tree, two trees, off
Ctrl+F9 Print file under cursor using the associated program
Ctrl+F10 Show all files
Ctrl+F11 Show only programs
Ctrl+F12 Show user defined files
Tab Switch between left and right file list
Shift+Tab Switch between current file list and separate tree (if enabled)
Insert Select file or directory.
Space Select file or directory (as INSERT). If SPACE is used on an unselected directory under the cursor, the contents in this directory are counted and the size is shown in the “full” view instead of the string . This can be disabled through ‘Configuration’ – ‘Options’ – ‘Operation’ – ‘Selection with Space’.
Enter Change directory / run program / run associated program / execute command line if not empty. If the source directory shows the contents of an archive, further information on the packed file is given.
Shift+Enter 1. Runs command line / program under cursor with preceding command /c and leave the program’s window open. Only works if NOCLOSE.PIF is in your Windows directory! 2. With ZIP files: use alternative choice of these (as chosen in Packer config): (Treat archives like directories <-> call associated program, i.e. winzip or quinzip) 3. In the list of last used dirs (History, Ctrl+D), open the directory on a new Tab.
Alt+Shift+Enter The contents of all directories in the current directory are counted. The sizes of the directories are then shown in the “full” view instead of the string . Abort by holding down ESC key.
Alt+Enter Show property sheet.
Ctrl+a Select all
Ctrl+b Directory branch: Show contents of current dir and all subdirs in one list
Ctrl+Shift+b Selected directory branch: Show selected files, and all in selected subdirs
Ctrl+c Copy files to clipboard
Ctrl+x Cut files to clipboard
Ctrl+v Paste from clipboard to current dir.
Ctrl+d Open directory hotlist (‘bookmarks’)
Ctrl+f Connect to FTP server
Ctrl+Shift+f Disconnect from FTP server
Ctrl+i Switch to target directory
Ctrl+l Calculate occupied space (of the selected files)
Ctrl+m Multi-Rename-Tool
Ctrl+Shift+m Change FTP transfer mode
Ctrl+n New FTP connection (enter URL or host address)
Ctrl+p Copy current path to command line
Ctrl+q Quick view panel instead of file window
Ctrl+r Reread source directory
Ctrl+s Open Quick Filter dialog and activate filter (deactivate with ESC or CTRL+F10)
Ctrl+Shift+s Open Quick Filter dialog and reactivate last-used filter
Ctrl+t Open new folder tab and activate it
Ctrl+Shift+t Open new folder tab, but do not activate it
Ctrl+u Exchange directories
Ctrl+Shift+u Exchange directories and tabs
Ctrl+w Close currently active tab
Ctrl+Shift+w Close all open tabs
Ctrl+z Edit file comment
Ctrl+Arrow up Open dir under cursor in new tab
Ctrl+Shift+Arrow Up Open dir under cursor in other window (new tab)
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab Jump to next tab / jump to previous tab
Ctrl+Alt+Letter Quick search for a file name (starting with specified letters) in the current directory (Support hotkeys Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V and Ctrl+A; use Ctrl+S for search filter on/off)

FTP

Ctrl+F Connect to FTP Server
Ctrl+SHIFT+F Disconnect current FTP connection
Ctrl+N New FTP connection

 

 

 

Selections

Insert­/Space Select current file/f­older
Num * Invert selection
Num / Restore selection
Ctrl+A Select all
Ctrl+l Calculate occupied space of selecte files
Ctrl+Num – Deselect all
Alt+Num+ Select all files with extension
Alt+Num- Deselect all files with extension

 

 

 

 

 

 

Selections

Alt+F1 Change left drive
Alt+F2 Change right drive
Alt+Arrow Down Open list of visited direct­ories
Alt+Arrow Left Jump to previous directory
Alt+Arrow Right Jump to next directory
Ctrl+< Jump to root directory
Backspace Change to parent directory
Tab Switch between left and right file list

 

 

 

 

 

 

Navigation

Alt+F1 Change left drive
Alt+F2 Change right drive
Alt+Arrow Down Open list of visited direct­ories
Alt+Arrow Left Jump to previous directory
Alt+Arrow Right Jump to next directory
Ctrl+< Jump to root directory
Backspace Change to parent directory
Tab Switch between left and right file list

 

 

 

 

 

 

View

Ctrl+u Swap left & right view
F2/Ctrl+r Refresh current directory
Ctrl+b Show contents of current dir and all subdirs in one list
Ctrl+S­hift+B Selected directory branch
Alt+Enter Show file properties window
F1 Help
Ctrl+l Calculate occupied space (of selecte files)

 

 

 

 

 

 

File manipu­lation

F3 List file contents
Shift+F3 List file under cursor with multiple files selected
F4 Edit files
Shift+F4 Create new text file and load in editor
F5/Ctrl+c Copy file
Shift+F5 Copy files (with rename) in same directory
F6 Rename or move files
Shift+F6 Rename files in same directory
F7 Create directory
F8/Delete Delete files
Ctrl+v Paste file in current directory
Ctrl+x Cut file
Ctrl+m Multi-­rename tool

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Archiving

Alt+F5 Pack files
Alt+Sh­ift+F5 Move to archive
Alt+F6 Unpack from archive under cursor
Alt+Sh­ift+F9 Test archives

 

 

 

 

File sorting

Ctrl+F3 Sort by name
Ctrl+F4 Sort by extension
Ctrl+F5 Sort by date/time
Ctrl+F6 Sort by size
Ctrl+F7 Unsorted

 

 

 

 

Searching

Ctrl+s Quick search
Alt+F7 Find

 

 

 

Command Line with TC

%comspec%            Envoke CMD (ancient times)
CMD                         Envoke CMD
CMD /C                    Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates
CMD /K                    Carries out the command specified by string but remains
(For more complete CMD with switches see relevant CMD cheatsheet)

 

Other

Ctrl+Shift+w                              Close all open tabs
Ctrl+z                                          Edit file comment
Ctrl+Arrow up                           Open dir under cursor in new tab
Ctrl+Shift+Arrow                     Up Open dir under cursor in other window (new tab)
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab        Jump to next tab / jump to previous tab
Ctrl+Alt+Letter                          Quick search for a file name (starting with specified letters) in the current directory
                                                       (Support hotkeys Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V and Ctrl+A; use Ctrl+S for search filter on/off)