Commands | fVckin

Telnet

Intro

Telnet is a computer protocol that was built for interacting with remote computers.
The word “Telnet” also refers to the command-line utility “telnet”, available under Windows OS and Unix-like systems, including Mac, Linux, and others. We will use the term “Telnet” mostly in the context of the telnet client software.
Telnet utility allows users to test connectivity to remote machines and issue commands through the use of a keyboard. Though most users opt to work with graphical interfaces, Telnet is one of the simplest ways to check connectivity on certain ports.

Enable telnet client in Windows

Telnet is disabled by default in Window’s settings, so you need to turn it on before you can do anything. Turning it on will help you to run the required diagnostics and check if a port is open. If you try to use telnet without turning it on first, you’ll receive a message like:

‘telnet’ is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or C:\>

Enabling telnet client through Command Prompt:
Install-WindowsFeature -name Telnet-Client

Enabling telnet client via GUI Win10:
Open Windows Start menu > Type “Control Panel” > Press Enter > “Programs” > “Programs and Features” > Turn Windows features on or off > Select “Telnet Client” > Press “OK”

Enabling telnet client via GUI WS2012+:
Open “Server Manager” > “Add roles and features” > click “Next” until reaching the “Features” step > tick “Telnet Client” > click “Install” > when the feature installation finishes, click “Close”.

Telnet Commands List

Type this	To do this
open or o	Establish a Telnet connection with a host computer or remote server. You can use the full command, open, or abbreviate it to just o. For example, o domain.com 25 will connect your computer to a computer named domain.com port 25.
display	View the current settings for Telnet Client. Type display for a list of the current operating parameters. If you are in a Telnet session (connected to a Telnet server), to modify the parameters, press Ctrl+] to leave the Telnet session. To return to the Telnet session, press Enter. The following operating parameters are available: WILL AUTH (NTLM Authentication) WONT AUTH WILL TERM TYPE WONT TERM TYPE LOCALECHO off LOCALECHO on
quit or q	Exit from Telnet.
set	Set the terminal type for the connection, turn on local echo, set authentication to NTLM, set the escape character, and set up logging. >SET NTLM turns on NTLM. While you are using NTLM authentication, if you’re connecting from a remote computer, you will not be prompted to type a logon name and password. > SET LOCALECHO turns on local echoing. > SET TERM {ANSI\|VT100\|VT52\|VTNT} sets the terminal type to the appropriate terminal type. You should use the VT100 terminal type if you are running normal command-line applications. Use the VTNT terminal type if you are running advanced command-line applications, such as . > ESCAPE + Character sets the key sequence to use for switching from session to command mode. For example, to set Ctrl+P as your escape character, typeset escape, press Ctrl+P, and then press Enter. > LOGFILE FileName sets the file to be used for logging Telnet activity. The log file must be on your local computer. Logging begins automatically when you set this option. > LOGGING turns on logging. If no log file is set, an error message is displayed.
unset	Turn off local echo or set authentication for the logon or password prompt. UNSET NLM turns off NLM. UNSET LOCALECHO turns off local echoing.
status	Move to the Telnet command prompt from a connected session
enter	Go to the connected session (if it exists)
?/help	View Help information

Parameter List

Parameter	Description
/a	attempt automatic logon. Same as /l option except uses the currently logged on user s name.
/e <EscapeChar>	Escape character used to enter the telnet client prompt.
/f <FileName>	File name used for client side logging.
/l <UserName>	Specifies the user name to log on with on the remote computer.
/t {vt100 \| vt52 \| ansi \| vtnt}	Specifies the terminal type. Supported terminal types are vt100, vt52, ansi, and vtnt.
<Host> [<Port>]	Specifies the hostname or IP address of the remote computer to connect to, and optionally the TCP port to use (default is TCP port 23).
/?	Displays help at the command prompt. Alternatively, you can type /h.

Check the listen port

You can use this command for check the connection of a application.

telnet IPADDRESS PORT

telnet 192.168.0.10 80       <- http
telnet 192.168.0.10 25       <- smtp
telnet 192.168.0.10 25

Check Connection and Close Connection

# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 office-serv ESMTP Sendmail 8.13 ; Mon, 28 Mar 2019 08:00:00 +0900
^]                                 <- Ctrl ]
telnet> quit
Connection closed.

Telnet to Web Server (port 8o or 443

# telnet localhost 80
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.domain.com (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
GET / HTTP/1.0                       <-  Enter 2 times (http://localhost/index.html)

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 15:16:50 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.37 (Unix) mod_fastcgi/2.4.6 mod_auth_passthrough/1.8 mod_log_bytes/1.2 mod_bwlimited/1.4 PHP/4.4.7 abbr.
Last-Modified: Mon, 05 Feb 2007 11:04:57 GMT
ETag: "1b200-b2c-45c70f59"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 2860
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html

<html>
<html>
<title>TEST</title>

abbr.

</body>
</html>
Connection closed by foreign host.
#

Telnet to Mail Server

# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to test-server.test-server (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 test-server.example-sec.local ESMTP
helo localhost
250 test-server.example-sec.local
mail from:user01@example-sec.jp
250 ok
rcpt to:user02@example-sec.jp
250 ok
502 unimplemented (#5.5.1)
data
354 go ahead
From: user01@example-sec.jp
To: user02@example-sec.jp
Subject: test
this is test.

.
250 ok 1184072108 qp 20747

502 unimplemented (#5.5.1)
quit
221 test-server.example-sec.local
Connection closed by foreign host.

  C:\>telnet hostname 25
 220 TEST.local Microsoft ESMTP MAIL Service, Version: 7.5. ready at  Thu, 01 Jul 2018 11:11:11 -0500
 helo test
 250 ESXi-DEV-WEB01.local Hello [127.0.0.1]
 mail from:none@none.com
 250 2.1.0 none@none.com….Sender OK
 rcpt to:youremail@domain.com
 250 2.1.5 youremail@domain.com
 data
 354 Start mail input; end with .
 subject:This is a test email
 This is the body of the test email sent via Telnet.
 .
 250 2.6.0  Queued mail for delivery
 quit
 221 2.0.0 TEST.local Service closing transmission channel
 Connection to host lost.

Nano command editor

Nano is a text editor suited to working in a UNIX-based command line environment. It is not as powerful as PC window-based editors, as it does not rely on the mouse, but still has many useful features.
Most nano commands are invoked by holding down the Ctrl key (that is, the control key), and pressing one of the other keys. In this text, the control key is referred to using ^. For example, ^X means “hold down the CTRL key and press the x key”. Most of the important commands are listed at the bottom of your screen when nano is running.

File Control in nano

nano index.php Open or create the file “index.php” with nano on command line.
Ctrl-o Y Enter Save changes.
Ctrl-r Alt-f Open a new file with a new buffer within nano.
Alt-> Switch to the next file buffer in nano.
Alt-< Switch to the previous file buffer in nano.
Ctrl-x Quit nano.

Navigating through file contents in nano

Ctrl-a Move to the beginning of the current line.
Ctrl-e Move to the end of the current line.
Ctrl-v Move down one page.
Ctrl-y Move up one page.
Alt-\ Go to the beginning of the file.
Alt-/ Go to the end of the file.
Alt-g Go to a target line number.
Alt-] Jump to matching open/close symbol.
Alt-a Alt-} Select a block and indent the block.
Alt-a Alt-{ Select a block and outden the block.

Copy and Paste in nano

Alt-a To select a block for copy or cut operation, do Alt-a again to unselect.
Alt-a Alt-^ Copy a highlighted block to the clipboard.
Alt-a Ctrl-k Cut a highlighted block to the clipboard.
Ctrl-k Cut from the current cursor position to the end of the current line.
Ctrl-u Paste the contents from the clipboard at the current cursor position.

Search and Replace in nano

Ctrl-w Search for a target string.
Alt-w Repeat the last search.
Alt-r Search and replace.

File Management

Key	Action
Ctrl+G	Display help text
Ctrl+X	Close the current file buffer / Exit from nano
Ctrl+O	Write the current file to disk
Ctrl+R	Insert another file into the current one
Alt+>	Switch to the next file buffer
Alt+<	Switch to the previous file buffer

Search and Replace

Key	Action
Ctrl+W	Search for a string or a regular expression
Ctrl+\	Replace a string or a regular expression
Alt+W	Repeat the last search

Navigation

Key	Action
Ctrl+_	Go to line and column number
Ctrl+Y	Go one screenful up
Ctrl+V	Go one screenful down
Alt+\	Go to the first line of the file
Alt+/	Go to the last line of the file
Ctrl+B	Go back one character
Ctrl+F	Go forward one character
Alt+Space	Go back one word
Ctrl+Space	Go forward one word
Ctrl+A	Go to beginning of current line
Ctrl+E	Go to end of current line
Ctrl+P	Go to previous line
Ctrl+N	Go to next line
Alt+(	Go to beginning of paragraph; then of previous paragraph
Alt+)	Go just beyond end of paragraph; then of next paragraph
Alt+-	Scroll up one line without scrolling the cursor
Alt++	Scroll down one line without scrolling the cursor
Alt+<	Switch to the previous file buffer
Alt+>	Switch to the next file buffer
Ctrl+C	Display the position of the cursor
Alt+]	Go to the matching bracket

Editing

Key	Action
Alt+U	Undo the last operation
Alt+E	Redo the last undone operation
Alt+}	Indent the current line
Alt+{	Unindent the current line
Alt+^	Copy the current line and store it in the cutbuffer
Ctrl+K	Cut the current line and store it in the cutbuffer
Ctrl+U	Uncut from the cutbuffer into the current line
Ctrl+J	Justify the current paragraph
Ctrl+T	Invoke the spell checker, if available
Alt+V	Insert the next keystroke verbatim
Ctrl+I	Insert a tab at the cursor position
Ctrl+M	Insert a newline at the cursor position
Ctrl+D	Delete the character under the cursor
Ctrl+H	Delete the character to the left of the cursor
Alt+T	Cut from the cursor position to the end of the file
Alt+J	Justify the entire file
Alt+D	Count the number of words, lines, and characters
Ctrl+^	Mark text starting from the cursor position

Settings

Key	Action
Alt+X	Help mode enable/disable
Alt+C	Constant cursor position display enable/disable
Alt+O	Use of one more line for editing enable/disable
Alt+S	Smooth scrolling enable/disable
Alt+$	Soft wrapping of overlong lines enable/disable
Alt+P	Whitespace display enable/disable
Alt+Y	Color syntax highlighting enable/disable
Alt+H	Smart home key enable/disable
Alt+I	Auto indent enable/disable
Alt+K	Cut to end enable/disable
Alt+L	Hard wrapping of overlong lines enable/disable
Alt+Q	Conversion of typed tabs to spaces enable/disable
Alt+B	Backup files enable/disable
Alt+F	Reading file into separate buffer enable/disable

Windows Controls via CMD

Windows RUN Shortcuts

Type of Command	Canonical Name	Command	Keyword	OS
Control Panel Applet,	Accessibility Options	control access.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Action Center	control /name Microsoft.ActionCenter	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Apple	Recent Messages	control wscui.cpl	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Add Features to Windows 8	control /name Microsoft.WindowsAnytimeUpgrade	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Add Hardware	control /name Microsoft.AddHardware	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Device Manager (W10)	control hdwwiz.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Add or Remove Programs	control appwiz.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Administrative Tools	control /name Microsoft.AdministrativeTools	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Administrative Tools	control admintools	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Automatic Updates	control wuaucpl.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	AutoPlay	control /name Microsoft.AutoPlay	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Backup and Restore Center	control /name Microsoft.BackupAndRestoreCenter	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Backup and Restore	control /name Microsoft.BackupAndRestore	cpl	7
Control Panel Applet	Biometric Devices	control /name Microsoft.BiometricDevices	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	BitLocker Drive Encryption	control /name Microsoft.BitLockerDriveEncryption	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Bluetooth Devices	control bthprops.cpl 13	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Bluetooth Devices	control /name Microsoft.BluetoothDevices	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Color Management	control /name Microsoft.ColorManagement	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Color 1	WinColor.exe 2	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Credential Manager	control /name Microsoft.CredentialManager	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Client Service for NetWare	control nwc.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Date and Time	control /name Microsoft.DateAndTime	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Date and Time	control timedate.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Date and Time	control date/time	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Default Location	control /name Microsoft.DefaultLocation	cpl	Win7
Control Panel Applet	Default Programs	control /name Microsoft.DefaultPrograms	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Desktop Gadgets	control /name Microsoft.DesktopGadgets	cpl	Win7
Control Panel Applet	Device Manager	control /name Microsoft.DeviceManager	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Device Manager	control hdwwiz.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Device Manager	devmgmt.msc	msc	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Devices and Printers	control /name Microsoft.DevicesAndPrinters	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Devices and Printers	control printers	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Display	control /name Microsoft.Display	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Display	control desk.cpl	cpl	10, XP
Control Panel Applet	Setting Background	control desktop	cpl	10, XP
Control Panel Applet	Ease of Access Center	control /name Microsoft.EaseOfAccessCenter	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Ease of Access Center	control access.cpl	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Family Safety	control /name Microsoft.ParentalControls	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	File History	control /name Microsoft.FileHistory	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Flash Player Settings Manager	control flashplayercplapp.cpl	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Folder Options	control /name Microsoft.FolderOptions	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	File Explorer Options	control folders	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Fonts	control /name Microsoft.Fonts	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Fonts	control fonts	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Game Controllers	control /name Microsoft.GameControllers	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Game Controller	control joy.cpl	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Get Programs	control /name Microsoft.GetPrograms	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Getting Started	control /name Microsoft.GettingStarted	cpl	Win7
Control Panel Applet	Home Group	control /name Microsoft.HomeGroup	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Indexing Options	control /name Microsoft.IndexingOptions	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Indexing options (W10)	rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL srchadmin.dll	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Infrared	control /name Microsoft.Infrared	cpl	10, 8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Infrared	control irprops.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Infrared	control /name Microsoft.InfraredOptions	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Internet Options	control /name Microsoft.InternetOptions	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Internet Options	control inetcpl.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	iSCSI Initiator	control /name Microsoft.iSCSIInitiator	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Keyboard	control /name Microsoft.Keyboard	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Keyboard	control keyboard	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Language	control /name Microsoft.Language	cpl	10, 8
Control Panel Applet	Location and Other Sensors	control /name Microsoft.LocationAndOtherSensors	cpl	10, 7
Control Panel Applet	Location Settings	control /name Microsoft.LocationSettings	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Mail 4	control mlcfg32.cpl 5	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Mouse	control /name Microsoft.Mouse	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Mouse	control main.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Mouse	control mouse	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Network and Sharing Center	control /name Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCenter	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Network Connections	control ncpa.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Network Connections	control netconnections	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Network Setup Wizard	control netsetup.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Notification Area Icons	control /name Microsoft.NotificationAreaIcons	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	ODBC Data Source Administrator	control odbccp32.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Offline Files	control /name Microsoft.OfflineFiles	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Parental Controls	control /name Microsoft.ParentalControls	cpl	7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Pen and Input Devices	control /name Microsoft.PenAndInputDevices	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Pen and Input Devices	control tabletpc.cpl	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Pen and Touch	control /name Microsoft.PenAndTouch	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Pen and Touch	control tabletpc.cpl	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	People Near Me	control /name Microsoft.PeopleNearMe	cpl	7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	People Near Me	control collab.cpl	cpl	7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Performance Information and Tools	control /name Microsoft.PerformanceInformationAndTools	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Personalization	control /name Microsoft.Personalization	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Personalization	control desktop	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Phone and Modem Options	control /name Microsoft.PhoneAndModemOptions	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Phone and Modem Options	control telephon.cpl	cpl	Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Phone and Modem	control /name Microsoft.PhoneAndModem	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Phone and Modem	control telephon.cpl	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Power Options	control /name Microsoft.PowerOptions	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Power Options	control powercfg.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Printers and Faxes	control printers	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Printers	control /name Microsoft.Printers	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Printers	control printers	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Problem Reports and Solutions	control /name Microsoft.ProblemReportsAndSolutions	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Programs and Features	control /name Microsoft.ProgramsAndFeatures	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Programs and Features	control appwiz.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Recovery	control /name Microsoft.Recovery	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Region	control /name Microsoft.RegionAndLanguage	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Region	control intl.cpl	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Region	control international	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Region and Language	control /name Microsoft.RegionAndLanguage	cpl	Win7
Control Panel Applet	Region and Language	control intl.cpl	cpl	Win7
Control Panel Applet	Region and Language	control international	cpl	Win7
Control Panel Applet	Regional and Language Options	control /name Microsoft.RegionalAndLanguageOptions	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Regional and Language Options	control intl.cpl	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Regional and Language Options	control international	cpl	Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	RemoteApp and Desktop Connections	control /name Microsoft.RemoteAppAndDesktopConnections	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Scanners and Cameras	control /name Microsoft.ScannersAndCameras	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Scanners and Cameras	control sticpl.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Scheduled Tasks	control schedtasks	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Screen Resolution	control desk.cpl	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Security Center	control /name Microsoft.SecurityCenter	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Security Center	control wscui.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Software Explorers 8	msascui.exe 9	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Sound	control /name Microsoft.Sound	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Sound	control /name Microsoft.AudioDevicesAndSoundThemes	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Sound	control mmsys.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Sounds and Audio Devices	control mmsys.cpl	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Speech Recognition Options	control /name Microsoft.SpeechRecognitionOptions	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Speech Recognition	control /name Microsoft.SpeechRecognition	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	Speech	control sapi.cpl 10	cpl	XP
Control Panel Applet	Storage Spaces	control /name Microsoft.StorageSpaces	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Sync Center	control /name Microsoft.SyncCenter	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	System	control /name Microsoft.System	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	System Properties	control sysdm.cpl	cpl	7, XP
Control Panel Applet	System Properties	control sysdm.cpl	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Tablet PC Settings	control /name Microsoft.TabletPCSettings	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Task Scheduler 7	control schedtasks	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Taskbar	control /name Microsoft.Taskbar	cpl	10, 8
Control Panel Applet	Taskbar	rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Options_RunDLL 1	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Taskbar and Start Menu	control /name Microsoft.TaskbarAndStartMenu	cpl	7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Taskbar and Start Menu	rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Options_RunDLL 1	cpl	7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Text to Speech	control /name Microsoft.TextToSpeech	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Troubleshooting	control /name Microsoft.Troubleshooting	cpl	8, 7
Control Panel Applet	User Accounts	control /name Microsoft.UserAccounts	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	User Accounts	control userpasswords control userpasswords2	cpl	8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Welcome Center	control /name Microsoft.WelcomeCenter	cpl	Vista
Control Panel Applet	Windows 7 File Recovery	control /name Microsoft.BackupAndRestore	cpl	Win8
Control Panel Applet	Windows Anytime Upgrade	control /name Microsoft.WindowsAnytimeUpgrade	cpl	7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Windows CardSpace	control /name Microsoft.CardSpace	cpl	7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Windows CardSpace	control infocardcpl.cpl	cpl	7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Windows Defender	control /name Microsoft.WindowsDefender	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Windows Firewall	control /name Microsoft.WindowsFirewall	cpl	8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Windows Firewall	control firewall.cpl	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
Control Panel Applet	Windows Marketplace	control /name Microsoft.GetProgramsOnline	cpl	Vista only
Control Panel Applet	Windows Mobility Center	control /name Microsoft.MobilityCenter	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Windows Sidebar Properties	control /name Microsoft.WindowsSidebarProperties	cpl	Vista only
Control Panel Applet	Windows SideShow	control /name Microsoft.WindowsSideShow	cpl	8,7, Vista only
Control Panel Applet	Windows Update	control /name Microsoft.WindowsUpdate	cpl	10, 8, 7, Vista
Control Panel Applet	Wireless Link, Infrared	control irprops.cpl	cpl	10, XP
Executable	Accessibility Options	utilman	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Add Hardware Wizard	hdwwiz	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Control Panel Applet	(Add New Programs)	control appwiz.cpl,,1	cpl	Win7, 8, 10
Control Panel Applet	(Add Remove Windows Components)	control appwiz.cpl,,2	cpl	Win7, 8, 10
Control Panel Applet	(Set Program Access & Defaults )	control appwiz.cpl,,3	cpl	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Advanced User Accounts Control Panel	netplwiz	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Authorization Manager	azman.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Automatic Update	control wuaucpl.cpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Backup and Restore Utility	sdclt	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Bluetooth Transfer Wizard	fsquirt	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Calculator	calc	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Certificate Manager	certmgr.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Character Map	charmap	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Check Disk Utility	chkdsk	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Clear Type (tune or turn off)	cttune	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Color Management	colorcpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Command Prompt	cmd	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Component Services	dcomcnfg	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Component Services	comexp.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Computer Management	CompMgmtLauncher.exe	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Computer Management	compmgmt.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Control Panel	control	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Credential (passwords) Backup and Restore Wizard	credwiz	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Data Execution Prevention	SystemPropertiesDataExecutionPrevention	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Date and Time Properties	timedate.cpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Device Pairing Wizard	DevicePairingWizard	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Digitizer Calibration Tool (Tablets/Touch screens)	tabcal	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Control Panel Applet	Direct X Control Panel (if installed)	directx.cpl	cpl	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Direct X Troubleshooter	dxdiag	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Disk Cleanup Utility	cleanmgr	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Disk Defragmenter	dfrgui	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Disk Defragmenter	defrag	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Disk Management	diskmgmt.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Disk Partition Manager	diskpart	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Display Color Calibration	dccw	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Display DPI / Text size	dpiscaling	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Display Properties (Themes, Desktop, Screensaver)	control desktop	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Display Properties (Resolution, Orientation)	desk.cpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Display Properties (Color & Appearance)	control color	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Documents (open 'My Documents' folder)	documents	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Downloads (open 'Downloads' folder)	downloads	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Driver Verifier Utility	verifier	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	DVD Player	dvdplay	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Edit Environment Variables	rundll32.exe sysdm.cpl,EditEnvironmentVariables	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Encrypting File System Wizard (EFS)	rekeywiz	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Event Viewer	eventvwr.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	File Signature Verification Tool (Device drivers)	sigverif	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Files and Settings Transfer Tool	%systemroot%\system32\migwiz\migwiz.exe	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Folders Properties	control folders	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Fonts list	control fonts	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Font preview	fontview arial.ttf	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Game Controllers	joy.cpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Local Group Policy Editor	gpedit.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Internet Properties	inetcpl.cpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	IP Configuration	ipconfig	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	iSCSI Initiator configuration	iscsicpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Keyboard Properties	control keyboard	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Language Pack Installer	lpksetup	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Local Security Policy	secpol.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Log out	logoff	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Microsoft Malicious Software Removal Tool	mrt	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Microsoft Management Console	mmc	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Access (Microsoft Office)	msaccess	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Excel (Microsoft Office)	Excel	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Powerpoint (Microsoft Office)	powerpnt	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Word (Microsoft Office)	winword	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Microsoft Paint	mspaint	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool	msdt	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Projector: Connect to Network Projector	netproj	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Projector: Switch projector display	displayswitch	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Notepad	notepad	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	ODBC Data Source Admin	C:\windows\system32\odbcad32.exe	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Default ODBC driver: 32-bit ODBC driver under 64-bit platform	C:\windows\sysWOW64\odbcad32.exe	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	ODBC configuration - Install/configure MDAC drivers	odbcconf	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	On Screen Keyboard	osk	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	OOB Getting Started	gettingstarted	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Password - Create a Windows Password Reset Disk (USB)	"C:\Windows\system32\rundll32.exe" keymgr.dll,PRShowSaveWizardExW	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Performance Monitor	perfmon.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Phone Dialer	dialer	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Presentation Settings	PresentationSettings	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Problem Steps Recorder	psr	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Program Access and Computer Defaults - browser / email / media	computerdefaults	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Printers and Faxes	control printers	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Print Management	PrintManagement.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Printer Migration (backup/restore)	printbrmui and printbrm.exe	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Printer user interface (List all printui.dll options)	printui	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Private Character Editor	eudcedit	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Regional Settings - Language, Date/Time format, keyboard locale.	intl.cpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Registry Editor	regedit	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Remote Assistance	msra	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Remote Desktop	mstsc	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Resource Monitor	resmon	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Resultant Set of Policy	rsop.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Settings (Windows 10)	ms-settings:	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Scheduled Tasks	control schedtasks	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Screenshot Snipping Tool	snippingtool	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Services	services.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Shared Folder Wizard	shrpubw	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Shared Folders	fsmgmt.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Shut Down Windows	shutdown	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	EXAMPLE: Immediately Restart immediately Abort shutdown/restart countdown	shutdown /s /t 0 shutdown /r /t 0 shutdown /a	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Software Licensing/Activation	slui	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Sound Recorder	soundrecorder	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Sound Volume	sndvol	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Syncronization Tool (Offline files)	mobsync	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	System Configuration Utility	msconfig	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	System File Checker Utility (Scan/Purge)	sfc	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	System Information	msinfo32	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	System Properties - Performance	SystemPropertiesPerformance	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	System Properties - Hardware	SystemPropertiesHardware	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	System Properties - Advanced	SystemPropertiesAdvanced	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	System Repair - Create a System Repair Disc	recdisc	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	System Restore	rstrui	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Task Manager	taskmgr	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Task Scheduler	taskschd.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Telnet Client	telnet	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Trusted Platform Module Initialization Wizard	tpmInit	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	User Accounts (Autologon)	control userpasswords2	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	User Account Control (UAC) Settings	UserAccountControlSettings	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	User Profiles - Edit/Change type	C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe sysdm.cpl,EditUserProfiles	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Disc Image Burning Tool	isoburn C:\movies\madmax.iso	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Explorer	explorer.exe	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Features	optionalfeatures	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Firewall	firewall.cpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Windows Firewall with Advanced Security	wf.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Image Acquisition (scanner)	wiaacmgr	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Magnifier	magnify	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Management console	Windows Management Infrastructure	wmimgmt.msc	msc	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Memory Diagnostic Scheduler	mdsched	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Mobility Center (Mobile PCs only)	mblctr	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows PowerShell	powershell	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows PowerShell ISE	powershell_ise	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Security Action Center	wscui.cpl	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Script Host(VBScript)	wscript NAME_OF_SCRIPT.VBS	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows System Security Tool. Encrypt the SAM database. (boot password.)	syskey	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Update	wuapp	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Update Standalone Installer	wusa	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	Windows Version (About Windows)	winver	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Executable	WordPad	write	exe	Win7, 8, 10
Deprecated		Microsoft.BackupAndRestoreCenter/Microsoft.BackupAndRestore		removed in Win 8
Deprecated		Microsoft.CardSpace		removed in Win 8
Deprecated		Microsoft.DesktopGadgets		removed in Win 8
Deprecated		Microsoft.GetProgramsOnline		removed in Win 7
Deprecated		Microsoft.PeopleNearMe		removed in Win 8.1
Deprecated		Microsoft.PerformanceInformationAndTools		removed in Win 8.1
Deprecated		Microsoft.WindowsSidebarProperties		removed in Win 8.1
Deprecated		Microsoft.WindowsSideShow		removed in Win 8.1
command	runas	runas /user:administrator control	full command	Win 10
command	View IP config	netsh interface ip show config	full command	Win 10
command	Configure interface 'Local Area Connection' with [IPaddr] [Netmask] [DefaultGW]	netsh interface ip set address local static [IPaddr] [Netmask] [DefaultGW] 1	full command	Win 10
command	Configure DNS server for 'Local Area Connection'	netsh interface ip set dns local static [IPaddr]	full command	Win 10
command	Configure interface to use DHCP	netsh interface ip set address local dhcp	full command	Win 10
command	Turn off built-in Windows firewall	netsh firewall set opmode disable	full command	Win 10
variable	C:\ProgramData	ALLUSERSPROFILE	variable	Win 10
variable	C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Roaming	APPDATA	variable	Win 10
variable	The current directory (string)	CD	variable	Win 10
reg	Add a key to the registry on machine [TargetIPaddr] within the registry domain [RegDomain] to location [Key].	reg add [\\TargetIPaddr\] [RegDomain]\[Key]	Regedit	Win 10
reg	Export all subkeys and values located in the domain [RegDomain] under the location [Key] to the file [FileName]	reg export [RegDomain]\[Key] [FileName]	Regedit	Win 10
reg	Import all registry entries from the file [FileName]	reg import [FileName]	Regedit	Win 10
reg	Query for a specific Value of a Key:	reg query [\\TargetIPaddr\][RegDomain]\[Key] /v [ValueName]	regedit	Win 10
wmic	Useful [aliases]: process service share nicconfig startup useraccount qfe (Quick Fix Engineering Ã¢ÂÂ shows patches)	wmic [alias] [where clause] [verb clause]	wmic	Win 10
wmic	Example	[where clauses]:where name="nc.exe"where (commandline like "%stuff")where (name="cmd.exe" and parentprocessid!="[pid]")	wmic	Win 10
wmic	Example [verb clauses]:list [full\|brief]get [attrib1,attrib2...]call [method]delete		wmic	Win 10
wmic	List all attributes of [alias]	wmic [alias] get /?	wmic	Win 10
wmic	List all callable methods of [alias]	wmic [alias] call /?	wmic	Win 10
wmic	EXAMPLE: List all attributes of all running processes	wmic process list full	wmic	Win 10
wmic	EXAMPLE: Make WMIC effect remote [TargetIPaddr]	wmic /node:[TargetIPaddr] /user:[User] /password:[Passwd] process list full	wmic	Win 10
Executable	List all processes currently running	tasklist	process	Win 10
Executable	List all processes currently running and the DLLs each has loaded	tasklist /m	process	Win 10
Executable	Lists all processes currently running which have the specified [dll] loaded	tasklist /m [dll]	process	Win 10
Executable	List all processes currently running and the services hosted in those processes	tasklist /svc	process	Win 10
Executable	Query brief status of all services	sc query	services	Win 10
Executable	Query the configuration of a specific service	sc qc [ServiceName]	services	Win 10
Executable	Show all TCP and UDP port usage and process ID	netstat -a	network	Win 10
Executable	To list out only tcp connections	netstat -t	network	Win 11
Executable	Listing all LISTENING Connections	netstat -l	network	Win 12
Executable	Look for usage of port [port] every [N] seconds	netstat -ano [N] \| find [port]	network	Win 10
Executable	Dump detailed protocol statistics	netstat -ano -p [tcp\|udp\|ip\|icmp]	network	Win 10
command	Search directory structure for a file in a specific directory	dir /b /s [Directory]\[FileName]	cpl	Win 10
command	Count the number of lines on StandardOuy of [Command]	[Command] \| find /c /v ""	cpl	Win 10
command	Counting Loop; Set %i to an initial value of [start] and increment it by [step] at every iteration until its value is equal to [stop]. For each iteration, run [command]. The iterator variable %i can be used anywhere in the command to represent its current value	for /L %i in ([start],[step],[stop]) do [command]	cpl	Win 10
command	Iterate over file contents; Iterate through the contents of the file on a line-by-line basis. For each iteration, store the contents of the line into %i and run [command]	for /F %i in ([file-set]) do [command]	command	Win 10
Control Panel Applet	Local User Manager (includes group management)	lusrmgr.msc	command	Win 10
Shell Command	Accesses the account pictures folder you have in your Windows 10 device.	shell:AccountPicture	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Adds a new program folder.	shell:AddNewProgramsFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses administrative tools folder.	shell:Administrative Tools	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses AppData folder in the Windows 10 system.	shell:AppData	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses Application Shortcuts folder.	shell:Application Shortcuts	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the Apps Folder.	shell:AppsFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the Apps updates folder.	shell:AppUpdatesFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the Cache folder.	shell:Cache	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Access camera roll folder.	shell:Camera Roll	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the temporary burn folder.	shell:CD Burning	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the Remove/Change program folder.	shell:ChangeRemoveProgramsFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the Administrative Tools folder.	shell:Common Administrative Tools	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the Common AppData folder.	shell:Common AppData	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the public desktop folder.	shell:Common Desktop	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses Public Documents folder.	shell:Common Documents	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses Programs folder.	shell:Common Programs	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the start menu folder.	shell:Common Start Menu	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses Startup folder situated in t he Windows 10 system.	shell:Common Startup	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses ÂCommon TemplatesÂ folder.	shell:Common Templates	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses Downloads folder.	shell:CommonDownloads	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the music folder.	shell:CommonMusic	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses ÂPicturesÂ folder.	shell:CommonPictures	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the ringtones folder.	shell:CommonRingtones	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the public Video folder.	shell:CommonVideo	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Accesses the Conflict folder in the Windows 10 system.	shell:ConflictFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up the connections folder	shell:ConnectionsFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Contact folder	shell:Contacts	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Control panel folder.	shell:ControlPanelFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Cookies folder.	shell:Cookies	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Credential manager feature.	shell:CredentialManager	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up the Crypto keys folder	shell:CryptoKeys	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the CSC Folder.	shell:CSCFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up the Desktop folder.	shell:Desktop	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the metadata store folder.	shell:Device Metadata Store	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Documents Library folder	shell:DocumentsLibrary	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Downloads folder	shell:Downloads	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the DpapiKeys folder	shell:DpapiKeys	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Favorites folder.	shell:Favorites	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Fonts folder.	shell:Fonts	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Games folder.	shell:Games	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Game Tasks folder	shell:GameTasks	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the History folder	shell:History	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the HomeGroup folder for the current user.	shell:HomeGroupCurrentUserFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens HomeGroup folder.	shell:HomeGroupFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Implicit Apps shortcut folder.	shell:ImplicitAppShortcuts	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Internet Folder.	shell:InternetFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Libraries folder.	shell:Libraries	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Links folder.	shell:Links	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Local AppData folder.	shell:Local AppData	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Local AppDataLow folder.	shell:LocalAppDataLow	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens LocalizedResources folder.	shell:LocalizedResourcesDir	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens MAPI folder.	shell:MAPIFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens LusicLibrary folder.	shell:MusicLibrary	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens My Music folder.	shell:My Music	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens My Video folder.	shell:My Video	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens MyComputer folder.	shell:MyComputerFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens NetHood folder.	shell:NetHood	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens NetworkPlaces folder.	shell:NetworkPlacesFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens OEM Links folder.	shell:OEM Links	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens OneDrive folder in Windows 10	shell:OneDrive	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Original Images folder.	shell:Original Images	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Personal folder.	shell:Personal	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens PhotoAlbums folder.	shell:PhotoAlbums	shell	Win10
Shell Command	opens PicturesLibrary folder.	shell:PicturesLibrary	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Playlists folder.	shell:Playlists	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Printer folder.	shell:PrintersFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens PrintHood folder.	shell:PrintHood	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Profile folder.	shell:Profile	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens ProgramFiles folder.	shell:ProgramFiles	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens ProgramFilesCommon folder.	shell:ProgramFilesCommon	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens ProgramFilesCommonX64 folder.	shell:ProgramFilesCommonX64	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens ProgramFilesCommonX86 folder.	shell:ProgramFilesCommonX86	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens ProgramFilesX64 folder.	shell:ProgramFilesX64	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens ProgramFilesX86 folder.	shell:ProgramFilesX86	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Programs folder.	shell:Programs	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Public folder.	shell:Public	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens PublicAccountPictures folder.	shell:PublicAccountPictures	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens PublicGameTasks folder.	shell:PublicGameTasks	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens PublicLibraries folder.	shell:PublicLibraries	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Quick Launch folder.	shell:Quick Launch	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up recent items folder	shell:Recent	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up recorder file in the Windows 10 system	shell:RecordedTVLibrary	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the system Recycle Bin folder	shell:RecycleBinFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up the Resource folder	shell:ResourceDir	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up Demo folder	shell:Retail Demo	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up the Ringtones folder in Windows 10	shell:Ringtones	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up the Roamed Tile images folder	shell:Roamed Tile Images	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Roaming Tiles folder	shell:Roaming Tiles	shell	Win10
Shell Command	It opens the SavedGames folder you have in the Windows 10 system	shell:SavedGames	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Screenshots folder	shell:Screenshots	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Search folder.	shell:Searches	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Search History folder you have in the system.	shell:SearchHistoryFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Search Home folder.	shell:SearchHomeFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Search templates folder.	shell:SearchTemplatesFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the SendTo folder.	shell:SendTo	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the SkyDriveCameraRoll folder.	shell:SkyDriveCameraRoll	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the SkyDriveMusic folder.	shell:SkyDriveMusic	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the SkyDrivePictures folder.	shell:SkyDrivePictures	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens up the Start menu folder.	shell:Start Menu	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the AllPrograms folder you have in the start menu.	shell:StartMenuAllPrograms	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Startup folder.	shell:Startup	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the SyncCenter folder.	shell:SyncCenterFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the SyncResults folder.	shell:SyncResultsFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	opens the SyncSetup folder.	shell:SyncSetupFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the System folder.	shell:System	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the SystemCertificates folder.	shell:SystemCertificates	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens SystemX86 folder.	shell:SystemX86	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Templates folder.	shell:Templates	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the ThisPCDesktop folder.	shell:ThisPCDesktopFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens User pinned folder.	shell:User Pinned	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the user profiles folder.	shell:UserProfiles	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Program Files folder.	shell:UserProgramFiles	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Program Files Common folder.	shell:UserProgramFilesCommon	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Files folder from a specific user you are logged in with.	shell:UsersFilesFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the Libraries folder for a specific user.	shell:UsersLibrariesFolder	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens Video library folder.	shell:VideosLibrary	shell	Win10
Shell Command	Opens the "Windows" folder.	shell:Windows	shell	Win10
Key Shortcut	Close GUI windows	ALT+F4	shortcut	Win 10
OpenSSL	Create new Private Key and Certificate Signing Request	req -out geekflare.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout geekflare.key	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Create a Self-Signed Certificate (dafault 30 days)	openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout gfselfsigned.key -out gfcert.pem	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Create a Self-Signed Certificate (for 2 years)	openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 730 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout gfselfsigned.key -out gfcert.pem	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Print certificates fingerprint as md5, sha1, sha256 digest	openssl x509 -in cert.pem -fingerprint -sha256 -noout	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Verify CSR file	openssl req -noout -text -in geekflare.csr	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Create RSA Private Key (2048-bis is secure enough)	openssl genrsa -out private.key 2048	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Remove Passphrase from Key	openssl rsa -in certkey.key -out nopassphrase.key	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Print public key or modulus only	openssl rsa -in example.key -pubout	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Print textual representation of RSA key	openssl rsa -in example.key -text -noout	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Check your private key.	openssl rsa -check -in example.key	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Encrypt existing private key with a passphrase	openssl rsa -des3 -in example.key -out example_with_pass.key	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Verify Private Key	openssl rsa -in certkey.key check	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Verify Certificate File	openssl x509 -in certfile.pem -text noout	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Verify the Certificate Signer Authority	openssl x509 -in certfile.pem -noout -issuer -issuer_hash	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Check Hash Value of A Certificate	openssl x509 -noout -hash -in bestflare.pem	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Convert DER to PEM format	openssl x509 inform der in sslcert.der out sslcert.pem	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Convert PEM to DER format	openssl x509 outform der in sslcert.pem out sslcert.der	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Convert Certificate and Private Key to PKCS#12 format	openssl pkcs12 export out sslcert.pfx inkey key.pem in sslcert.pem	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Convert Certificate and Private Key to PKCS#12 format including chains	openssl pkcs12 export out sslcert.pfx inkey key.pem in sslcert.pem -chain cacert.pem	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Create CSR using an existing private key	openssl req out certificate.csr key existing.key new	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Check contents of PKCS12 format cert	openssl pkcs12 info nodes in cert.p12	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Convert PKCS12 format to PEM certificate	openssl pkcs12 in cert.p12 out cert.pem	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Combine several certificates in PKCS7 (P7B)	openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile child.crt -certfile ca.crt -out example.p7b	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Combine a PEM and a private key to PKCS#12 (.pfx .p12) + chains	openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privkey.pem -in certificate.pem -certfile ca-chain.pem	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Convert a PKCS#12 file (.pfx .p12) back to PEM (for export)	openssl pkcs12 -in keystore.pfx -out keystore.pem -nodes	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	List available EC curves supported in OpenSSL	openssl ecparam -list_curves	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Test SSL certificate of particular URL	openssl s_client -connect yoururl.com:443 showcerts	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Find out OpenSSL version	openssl version	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	List cipher suites	openssl ciphers -v	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Check PEM File Certificate Expiration Date	openssl x509 -noout -in certificate.pem -dates	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Check Certificate Expiration Date of SSL URL	openssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 2>/dev/null \| openssl x509 -noout enddate	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	SSL check if SSL3 is accepted on URL	openssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 -ssl2	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	SSL check if SSL3 is accepted on URL	openssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 ssl3	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	SSL check if TLS1 is accepted on URL	openssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 tls1	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	SSL check if TLS1.1 is accepted on URL	openssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 tls1_1	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	SSL check if TLS1.2 is accepted on URL	openssl s_client -connect secureurl.com:443 tls1_2	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Verify if the particular cipher is accepted on URL	openssl s_client -cipher 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA' -connect secureurl:443	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Connect to a server and show full certificate chain	openssl s_client -showcerts -host example.com -port 443	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Override SN when multiple secure sites are hosted on same IP	openssl s_client -servername www.example.com -host example.com -port 443	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Measure SSL connection time with session reuse	openssl s_time -connect example.com:443 -new	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Measure SSL connection time without session reuse	openssl s_time -connect example.com:443 -reuse	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Measure speed of security algorithms, rsa	openssl speed rsa2048	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
OpenSSL	Measure speed of security algorithms, ecdsap	openssl speed ecdsap256	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
openssl, curl	Examine TCP and SSL handshake times using curl	curl -kso /dev/null -w "tcp:%{time_connect}, ssldone:%{time_appconnect}\n" https://example.com	OpenSSL	Win and Unix
curl	Check URL	curl https://domain.com/	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	store the output of URL in a file	curl -o website https://domain.com/	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Download files	curl -O https://domain.com/file.zip	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Download with different name	curl -o archive.zip https://domain.com/file.zip	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Fetch Multiple Files at a time	curl -O URL1 -O URL2	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Get HTTP header information	curl -I http://domain.com	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Get HTTP only response header information	curl -i https://domain.com/	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Access an FTP server	curl ftp://ftp.domain.com --user username:password	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	download files via FTP	curl ftp://ftp.domain.com/filename.extension --user username:password	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	upload a file onto the FTP server:	curl -T filename.extension ftp://ftp.domain.com/ --user username:password	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Follow HTTP Location Headers with -L option	curl -L http://www.google.com	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Continue/Resume a Previous Download	curl -O http://domain.com/gettext.html	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Limit the Rate of Data Transfer	curl --limit-rate 1000B -O http://domain.com/gettext.html	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Download only if modified before/after	curl -z 01-Jan-19 http://www.example.com/yy.html	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Pass HTTP Authentication in cURL	curl -u username:password URL	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	More info Verbose and Trace Option	curl -v http://google.com	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Send Mail using SMTP Protocol	curl --mail-from test@test.com --mail-rcpt foo@test.com smtp://mailserver.com	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Perform an HTTP POST request	curl -X GET https://domain.com/	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	Perform an HTTP PUT request	curl -X PUT https://domain.com/	cURL	Win and Unix
curl	View External IP	curl wtfismyip.com/json curl eth0.me curl ipecho.net/plain curl icanhazip.com curl l2.io/ip curl ifconfig.me/ip curl httpbin.org/ip	cURL	Win
dig	View External IP	dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com		Unix
nslookup	View External IP	nslookup myip.opendns.com resolver1.opendns.com	nslookup	Win
.Net Version check	View .Net version - Navigate to latest folder	\%windir%\Microsoft.NET\FrameWork then .\MSBuild.exe -version	MSBuild.exe -version	Win
mstsc	Full-screen mode Admin mode Matches with local desktop Matches to to the Client Layout Edit before running === Switches RDP full or windowed mode Forces rdp full-screen Take screenshot pf active rdp window Reboot remote computer Take screenshot of entire rdp	mstsc /f mstsc /admin mstsc /span mstsc /multimon mstsc /edit “connection file” === Ctrl + Alt + Pause Ctrl + Alt + Break Ctrl + Alt + Minus Ctrl + Alt + Plus Ctrl + Alt + End	Rdp Commands mstsc multimon span	Win
net view	Display a list of computers List the File/Printer shares on a remote PC List the shares including hidden shares List all the shares in the domain	net view NET VIEW \\ComputerName NET VIEW \\ComputerName /All NET VIEW /DOMAIN
net share	manage file/printer shares	NET SHARE sharename /DELETE NET SHARE devicename /DELETE NET SHARE drive:path /DELETE net share /del *
net use	connect to a file share (Drive MAP). Make all future connections persistent Disconnect from a share Map a drive using alternate credentials - prompt for pass	NET USE F: \\ComputerName\ShareName /PERSISTENT:YES NET USE /P:Yes NET USE [driveletter:] /DELETE NET USE G: \\Server\Share1 /USER:domain\username
net accounts	Adjust account settings	net accounts [/FORCELOGOFF:{minutes \| NO}] [/MINPWLEN:length] [/MAXPWAGE:{days \| UNLIMITED}] [/MINPWAGE:days] [/UNIQUEPW:number] [/DOMAIN]

Notes:

By definition, canonical names do not change based on the system language; they’re always in English, even if the system’s language is not.
Not all Control Panel items are present in all varieties of Windows.
Some Control Panel items only appear if the right hardware is detected on the system.
Third parties can also add Control Panel items. The canonical names listed here are only for Control Panel items that are included with Windows.
You can find out which Control Panel files (.cpl) are available on your version of Windows by going to c:\Windows\System32. There you find all that are available.
You may open different tabs directly by adding ,x to the command, e.g. sysdm.cpl,4 to open the System Protection tab of the System Properties control panel applet. This works on the command prompt, but does not on Start or the Run Box.
You can run applets with elevated privileges by starting them from an elevated command prompt. Hold down Ctrl and Shift on the keyboard when you launch the Command Prompt to do so.
The canonical names used above may be used to reference these items in the Group Policy.

Notes for CPL applets:

Color is not available by default but is available for free from Microsoft. Download from MajorGeeks.

WinColor.exe must be run from the C:\Program Files\Pro Imaging Powertoys\Microsoft Color Control Panel Applet for Windows XP folder.

Device Manager here being commonly used is not a true Control Panel applet in Windows XP. See How to Open Windows XP Device Manager for more information.

The Mail applet is only available if a version of Microsoft Office Outlook is installed.

Control mlcfg32.cpl command must be run from the C:\Programs Files\Microsoft Office\OfficeXX folder, replacing OfficeXX with the folder pertaining to the Microsoft Office version you have installed.

ODBC Data Source Administrator was removed from Control Panel after Windows XP but is still available from Administrative Tools.

In Windows 8, 7, and Vista, task scheduling is performed by Task Scheduler which is not directly accessible from Control Panel. However, executing this command in those versions of Windows will forward to Task Scheduler.

Software Explorers is the name for the Control Panel applet for Windows Defender, available for free here as part of Microsoft Security Essentials.

Msascui.exe must be run from the C:\Program Files\Windows Defender folder.

control sapi.cpl command must be run from the C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Speech folder.

Windows Defender is available in Windows XP but the Control Panel applet is instead called Software Explorers.

Windows Update is also used in Windows XP but only via the Windows Update website, not via a Control Panel applet like in later versions of Windows.

Bthprops.cpl in (Win 8) opens Devices in PC Settings which will list any Bluetooth Devices. In Windows 7, bthprops.cpl opens athe Bluetooth Devices list under Devices and Printers. In Windows Vista, bthprops.cpl opens a true Control Panel applet called Bluetooth Devices.

Create a GodMode Folder granting access to extra Control Panel features. Create new foldare and name it: God Mode.{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C}

Deprecated Canonical Names

Microsoft.BackupAndRestoreCenter/Microsoft.BackupAndRestore — Removed in Windows 8
Microsoft.CardSpace — Removed in Windows 8
Microsoft.DesktopGadgets Removed in Windows 8
Microsoft.GetProgramsOnline — Removed in Windows 7
Microsoft.PeopleNearMe — Removed in Windows 8.1
Microsoft.PerformanceInformationAndTools –Removed in Windows 8.1
Microsoft.WindowsSidebarProperties — Removed in Windows 8
Microsoft.WindowsSideShow — Removed in Windows 8.1

Total Commander Shortcuts

Intro

Total Commander is a file manager for Windows, a program like Windows Explorer to copy, move or delete files. However, Total Commander can do much more than Explorer, e.g. pack and unpack files, access ftp servers, compare files by content, etc!
It was known as Windows Commander and in 2002 there was a name change – the new name is “Total Commander”.
See the latest version at https://www.ghisler.com/
Total Commander is very configurable, and you should take advantage of this. Go through the entire Configuration dialog, and set it up the way you like it. If you don’t understand what an option does, consult the manual. This may take you 15 minutes, but the program will work the way you want it afterwards. Some suggestions follow.

GUI vs CommandLine interface

Limiting yourself to classic GUI interface is not wise. Command line interface , especially in mixed form when elements of the GUI can be used to help to form a command and provide feedback is powerful and available tools that should not be abandoned just because it is out of fashion. But the opposite danger also exists. In a way extremes meet: It is equally unwise to completely ignore GUI interface (and mouse as a very useful, excellent tool) like some Unix sysadmin prefer. There are situations when using GUI is much more productive.
And GUI interface itself should never be associated only with classic Windows-style interface. Other forms including hybrid are also possible. In this sense dominance of windows and Microsoft Office shut out all alternatives.
But, nevertheless, they do exist. (Read more at http://www.softpanorama.org/OFM/gui_vs_command_line.shtml)

Efficient Use

When using Total Commander, always remember that the keyboard is quicker than the mouse. At first, you may need to have the function key buttons in view to remember what each key does. Later on, however, you may realize that you don’t need them, and hide them to save screen space.
When moving around the directories, use the arrow keys. You can move left and right as well as up and down. To switch to the “Brief” view, press Ctrl+F1. You may also use the Home/End/PageUp/PageDown navigation keys. The selection of files is done by either holding down shift while moving around, or pressing the spacebar when a cursor is over the file you want to select. When using the spacebar method on directories, the space they occupy will be shown in the status bar. You may also select large groups of files with the right mouse button.
Total Commander also supports browser-like back/forward navigation. The same shortcut keys – Alt+Left for back and Alt+Right for forward – apply here. You can also use the mouse with the toolbar buttons. Backspace will take you one directory level up.
Be sure to make use of the internal zip packer and unpacker. Press Alt+F5 to pack a group of files, and Alt+F9 to unpack them. You may also navigate inside of archives, including nested archives. Just select one and press Enter like always. This also works for other archives, such as RAR, ACE, CAB, and the self-extracting versions of these (Press Ctrl+PageDown to navigate inside of a self-extracting archive.)
If you need to do something via the menus, try to remember the shortcut key next time. If the menu item doesn’t have a shortcut key, you can map one to your liking. Go to the Configuration dialog, and open the Misc tab. On the bottom, you’ll see the Redefine hotkeys area. If you don’t, you’re probably using an older version – the feature was introduced in version 4.02. Remapping the keys may seem a bit awkward at first. You must first choose the key combination by checking the Control, Alt, and/or Shift buttons and choosing the key that goes with them from the selection box. Then, select the command you wish to map the key to. Finally, click the checkbox button to make the key binding take effect.
Selecting files is very easy. Just right-click a file to select it. Right-click again to deselect. You can also drag the right mouse button to select groups of files. Selection with the keyboard is very versatile. Here’s a short list of shortcuts you should be familiar with (I only listed the most useful ones).

Moving Files with Rename

Keystroke	Function
Spacebar	Select or deselect the file at the cursor.
+/- (number pad)	Select/deselect files using a mask you specify.
Ctrl +/-	Select/deselect all files.
Alt +/-	Select/deselect all files with the same extension.
*	Reverse selection.

Defining Colors for Different File Types

You can make file browsing a lot easier by using the Define colors by file type option. This is very useful if you often work with a particular kind of file. To use this feature, go to the Options dialog (Configuration | Options) and then switch to the Color tab. Click the Define colors by file type button; You’ll have to check the checkbox next to it if it isn’t already checked. Besides defining colors by a file’s name, you can also define colors by the file’s attributes, size, or other options. For example, you could define the colors so that files larger than a certain size are easily visible, or so that executable files are a different color. It’s a good idea to make directories a different color, especially if you aren’t using symbols (icons) so that they stand out in a directory listing. The possibilities are endless!

Using the Multi-Rename Tool

Learn how to use the Multi-Rename Tool, a new feature in Total Commander 4.50 and above. It can be very useful if you need to rename a large amount of files using the same rule. Select all the files you want to rename, and then press Ctrl+M. If you need help, press F1 for detailed documentation.

Copying a File’s Name

To quickly copy a file’s name, press Shift+F6 and then Ctrl+C or Shift+Ins to copy its name. Press Escape to cancel the rename process.

Displaying All Files in a Directory Tree

Total Commander 4.52 also includes a great command to view all files in a subdirectory. This is useful in many different situations, such as renaming a group of files that are distributed among a tree of directories. To use this feature, just press Ctrl+B. If you don’t have version 4.52, you can duplicate this feature with the following steps:

Open the Find Files dialog by pressing Alt+F7.
Leave the Search for field blank, and press the Start search button (or just press Enter).
Press Feed to listbox (Alt+L).

This feature can also be used in conjunction with the Multi-Rename Tool. Be careful when using it, though, as it can take a very long time to list all of the files in a big tree, such as the root directory of a drive.

Shortcuts

Generic

F1	Help
F2	Reread source window
F3	List files
F4	Edit files
F5	Copy files
F6	Rename or move files
F7	Create directory
F8	Delete files to recycle bin /delete directly – according to configuration (or Delete)
F9	Activate menu above source window (left or right)
F10	Activate left menu or deactivate menu
Alt+F1	change left drive
Alt+F2	change right drive
Alt+F3	Use alternate (external or internal) viewer
Alt+Shift+F3	Start Lister and load file with internal viewer (no plugins or multimedia)
Alt+F4	Exit \| Minimize (with option MinimizeOnClose in wincmd.ini)
Alt+F5	Pack files
Alt+Shift+F5	Move to archive
Alt+F6	Unpack specified files from archive under cursor, or selected archives (use Alt+F9 on Windows 95)
Alt+F7	Find
Alt+F8	Opens the history list of the command line
Alt+F9	Same as ALT+F6 (because ALT+F6 is broken on Windows 95)
Alt+Shift+F9	Test archives
Alt+F10	Opens a dialog box with the current directory tree
Alt+F11	Opens left current directory bar (breadcrumb bar)
Alt+F12	Opens right current directory bar (breadcrumb bar)
Alt+Shift+F11	Focus the button bar to use it with the keyboard
Shift+F1	Custom columns view menu
Shift+F2	Compare file lists
Shift+F3	List only file under cursor, when multiple files selected
Shift+F4	Create new text file and load into editor
Shift+F5	Copy files (with rename) in the same directory
Shift+Ctrl+F5	Create shortcuts of the selected files
Shift+F6	Rename files in the same directory
Shift+F8/Delete	Delete directly / delete to recycle bin – according to configuration
Shift+F10	Show context menu
Shift+Esc	Minimizes Total Commander to an icon
Alt+Arrow left / Arrow right	Go to previous/next dir of already visited dirs
Alt+Arrow down	Open history list of already visited dirs (like the history list in a WWW browser)
Num +	Expand selection (configurable: just files or files and folders)
Num –	Shrink selection
Num *	Invert selection (also with shift, see link)
Num /	Restore selection
Shift+Num+[+]	Like Num +, but files and folders if Num + selects just files (and vice versa)
Shift+Num+-	Always removes the selection just from files (Num – from files and folders)
Shift+Num+*	Like Num , but files and folders if Num inverts selection of just files (and vice versa)
Ctrl+Num +	Select all (configurable: just files or files and folders)
Ctrl+Shift+Num +	Select all (files and folders if CTRL+Num + selects only files)
Ctrl+Num –	Deselect all (always files and folders)
Ctrl+Shift+Num –	Deselect all (always files, no folders)
Alt+Num +	Select all files with the same extension
Alt+Num –	Remove selection from files with the same extension
Ctrl+Page up	Change to parent directory (cd ..) , or Backspace
Ctrl+<	Jump to the root directory (most European keyboards)
Ctrl+\	Jump to the root directory (US keyboard)
Ctrl+Page down	Open directory/archive (also self extracting .EXE archives)
Ctrl+Arrow left / Arrow right	Open directory/archive and display it in the target window. If the cursor is not on a directory name, or the other panel is active, then the current directory is displayed instead.
Ctrl+F1	File display ‘brief’ (only file names)
Ctrl+Shift+F1	Thumbnails view (preview pictures)
Ctrl+F2	File display ‘full’ (all file details)
Ctrl+Shift+F2	Comments view (new comments are created with Ctrl+Z)
Ctrl+F3	Sort by name
Ctrl+F4	Sort by extension
Ctrl+F5	Sort by date/time
Ctrl+F6	Sort by size
Ctrl+F7	Unsorted
Ctrl+F8	Display directory tree
Ctrl+Shift+F8	Cycle through separate directory tree states: one tree, two trees, off
Ctrl+F9	Print file under cursor using the associated program
Ctrl+F10	Show all files
Ctrl+F11	Show only programs
Ctrl+F12	Show user defined files
Tab	Switch between left and right file list
Shift+Tab	Switch between current file list and separate tree (if enabled)
Insert	Select file or directory.
Space	Select file or directory (as INSERT). If SPACE is used on an unselected directory under the cursor, the contents in this directory are counted and the size is shown in the “full” view instead of the string . This can be disabled through ‘Configuration’ – ‘Options’ – ‘Operation’ – ‘Selection with Space’.
Enter	Change directory / run program / run associated program / execute command line if not empty. If the source directory shows the contents of an archive, further information on the packed file is given.
Shift+Enter	1. Runs command line / program under cursor with preceding command /c and leave the program’s window open. Only works if NOCLOSE.PIF is in your Windows directory! 2. With ZIP files: use alternative choice of these (as chosen in Packer config): (Treat archives like directories <-> call associated program, i.e. winzip or quinzip) 3. In the list of last used dirs (History, Ctrl+D), open the directory on a new Tab.
Alt+Shift+Enter	The contents of all directories in the current directory are counted. The sizes of the directories are then shown in the “full” view instead of the string . Abort by holding down ESC key.
Alt+Enter	Show property sheet.
Ctrl+a	Select all
Ctrl+b	Directory branch: Show contents of current dir and all subdirs in one list
Ctrl+Shift+b	Selected directory branch: Show selected files, and all in selected subdirs
Ctrl+c	Copy files to clipboard
Ctrl+x	Cut files to clipboard
Ctrl+v	Paste from clipboard to current dir.
Ctrl+d	Open directory hotlist (‘bookmarks’)

Ctrl+f	Connect to FTP server
Ctrl+Shift+f	Disconnect from FTP server
Ctrl+i	Switch to target directory
Ctrl+l	Calculate occupied space (of the selected files)
Ctrl+m	Multi-Rename-Tool
Ctrl+Shift+m	Change FTP transfer mode
Ctrl+n	New FTP connection (enter URL or host address)
Ctrl+p	Copy current path to command line
Ctrl+q	Quick view panel instead of file window
Ctrl+r	Reread source directory
Ctrl+s	Open Quick Filter dialog and activate filter (deactivate with ESC or CTRL+F10)
Ctrl+Shift+s	Open Quick Filter dialog and reactivate last-used filter
Ctrl+t	Open new folder tab and activate it
Ctrl+Shift+t	Open new folder tab, but do not activate it
Ctrl+u	Exchange directories
Ctrl+Shift+u	Exchange directories and tabs
Ctrl+w	Close currently active tab
Ctrl+Shift+w	Close all open tabs
Ctrl+z	Edit file comment
Ctrl+Arrow up	Open dir under cursor in new tab
Ctrl+Shift+Arrow Up	Open dir under cursor in other window (new tab)
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab	Jump to next tab / jump to previous tab
Ctrl+Alt+Letter	Quick search for a file name (starting with specified letters) in the current directory (Support hotkeys Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V and Ctrl+A; use Ctrl+S for search filter on/off)

FTP

Ctrl+F	Connect to FTP Server
Ctrl+SHIFT+F	Disconnect current FTP connection
Ctrl+N	New FTP connection

Selections

Insert/Space	Select current file/folder
Num *	Invert selection
Num /	Restore selection
Ctrl+A	Select all
Ctrl+l	Calculate occupied space of selecte files
Ctrl+Num –	Deselect all
Alt+Num+	Select all files with extension
Alt+Num-	Deselect all files with extension

Moving around

Alt+F1	Change left drive
Alt+F2	Change right drive
Alt+Arrow Down	Open list of visited directories
Alt+Arrow Left	Jump to previous directory
Alt+Arrow Right	Jump to next directory
Ctrl+<	Jump to root directory
Backspace	Change to parent directory
Tab	Switch between left and right file list

Navigation

Alt+F1	Change left drive
Alt+F2	Change right drive
Alt+Arrow Down	Open list of visited directories
Alt+Arrow Left	Jump to previous directory
Alt+Arrow Right	Jump to next directory
Ctrl+<	Jump to root directory
Backspace	Change to parent directory
Tab	Switch between left and right file list

View

Ctrl+u	Swap left & right view
F2/Ctrl+r	Refresh current directory
Ctrl+b	Show contents of current dir and all subdirs in one list
Ctrl+Shift+B	Selected directory branch
Alt+Enter	Show file properties window
F1	Help
Ctrl+l	Calculate occupied space (of selecte files)

File manipulation

F3	List file contents
Shift+F3	List file under cursor with multiple files selected
F4	Edit files
Shift+F4	Create new text file and load in editor
F5/Ctrl+c	Copy file
Shift+F5	Copy files (with rename) in same directory
F6	Rename or move files
Shift+F6	Rename files in same directory
F7	Create directory
F8/Delete	Delete files
Ctrl+v	Paste file in current directory
Ctrl+x	Cut file
Ctrl+m	Multi-rename tool

Archiving

Alt+F5	Pack files
Alt+Shift+F5	Move to archive
Alt+F6	Unpack from archive under cursor
Alt+Shift+F9	Test archives

File sorting

Ctrl+F3	Sort by name
Ctrl+F4	Sort by extension
Ctrl+F5	Sort by date/time
Ctrl+F6	Sort by size
Ctrl+F7	Unsorted

Searching

Ctrl+s	Quick search
Alt+F7	Find

Command Line with TC

%comspec%            Envoke CMD (ancient times)
CMD                         Envoke CMD
CMD /C                    Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates
CMD /K                    Carries out the command specified by string but remains
(For more complete CMD with switches see relevant CMD cheatsheet)

Other

Ctrl+Shift+w                              Close all open tabs
Ctrl+z                                        Edit file comment
Ctrl+Arrow up                       Open dir under cursor in new tab
Ctrl+Shift+Arrow     Up Open dir under cursor in other window (new tab)
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab        Jump to next tab / jump to previous tab
Ctrl+Alt+Letter                          Quick search for a file name (starting with specified letters) in the current directory
                                                       (Support hotkeys Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V and Ctrl+A; use Ctrl+S for search filter on/off)
Ctrl+ArrowLeft/Right Duplicate current path of the panel in the other panel

Button Bar Parameters

Total Commander Button Bar Parameters

?	As the first parameter causes a Dialog box to be displayed before starting the program, containing the following parameters. You can change the parameters before starting the program. You can even prevent the program’s execution.
%P	Causes the source path to be inserted into the command line, including a backslash (\) at the end.
%N	Places the filename under the cursor into the command line.
%T	Inserts the current target path. Especially useful for packers.
%M	Places the current filename in the target directory into the command line.
%O	Places the current filename without extension into the command line.
%E	Places the current extension (without leading period) into the command line. Note: %N and %M insert the long name, while %n and %m insert the DOS alias name (8.3). %P and %T insert the long path name, and %p and %t the short path name. (Same for %o and %e)
%%	Inserts the percent sign.
%L	Long file names including the complete path, e.g. c:\Program Files\Long name.exe
%l (lowercase L)	Short file names including the complete path, e.g. C:\PROGRA~1\LONGNA~1.EXE
%F	Long file names without path, e.g. Long name.exe
%f	Short file names without path, e.g. LONGNA~1.EXE
%D	Short file names including the complete path, but using the DOS character set for accents.
%d	Short file names without path, but using the DOS character set for accents.

How-to use button bar parameters

Step 1.Create a new button on the button bar

Step 2.Using the menu, insert the path to the ImgBurn executable

Step 3.Insert the string below as the value in the Parameters box:

This will feed a file to the standard build menu?/MODE BUILD /BUILDINPUTMODE STANDARD /BUILDOUTPUTMODE DEVICE /SRCLIST “%P%N” /FILESYSTEM “UDF” /UDFREVISION “1.02” /NOIMAGEDETAILS /ROOTFOLDER YES /NOSAVESETTINGS /VERIFY /VOLUMELABEL “%O”

You can use the cheats above to figure out what is going on in this string.

Step 4.Choose the icon for the button and press ok.

Total Commander Links

The Total Commander Site	http://www.ghisler.com/
TC wiki	https://www.ghisler.ch/wiki
An unofficial database of plugins	www.totalcmd.net
Source of this cheatsheet	http://www.ghisler.ch/wiki/index.php/Buttonbar#Special_parameters:
TC forum	https://www.ghisler.ch/board/

Overview

Like any powerful tool, Total Commander won’t work the way you want it right away. Until you use it a little and learn how it works, it may even seem a bit uncomfortable. But don’t be discouraged, as the payoff is too great to ignore. You’ll do all your file management a lot faster. An experienced person using Total Commander may seem like a magician to observers.

Linux Commands

History

How to clear the terminal command history

Clearing typed commands from terminal history: By default, up to the last 500 command lines a user types in the terminal window are saved into a hidden .bash_history file. The previously typed commands can be readily accessed by using the up and down arrow keys. This makes it easy to retrieve and reuse your recently used commands. However, maybe you want to clear the terminal command history list and start fresh? This simple tutorial explains the process of viewing and then optionally clearing the terminal history. Viewing the complete terminal command history: To view the complete history of commands typed in the terminal “for the logged in user”, open the terminal and type history How to clear the terminal command line history:

Login with the user account whose terminal history you plan to clear
Open a terminal window and type
history -c
Repeat the process if necessary for each user account

How to delete a single command from history on a Linux

I‘m working in Ubuntu bash terminal application and remotely on a RHEL server in cloud platform. I typed the wrong and dangerous command. I no longer wish to remember dangerous command in the history file. How can I remove or delete a single command from bash history file? You can use the history command to clear all history or selected command line.

How do I view history with line number?

Simply type the history command:

$ history

Sample outputs:

How to delete a single command number 1013 from history

The syntax is:

## Delete the bash history entry at offset OFFSET ##history -d offset history -d number history -d 1013

Verify it:

$ history

How do I delete all the history?

The syntax is:
history -c

Tip: Control bash history like a pro

First, you can increase your bash history size by appending the following config option in ~/.bashrc file:

Save and close the file.

Where to find more information about history command?

You can read bash man page by typing the following command:
$ man bash
Or simply type the following command:
$ help history

FIND

Find command examples

Let us try out some examples.

Finding files and printing their full name

You wish to find out all *.c (all c source code) files located under /home directory, enter: $ find /home -name “*.c” You would like to find httpd.conf file location: $ find / -name httpd.conf

Finding all files owned by a user

Find out all files owned by user USER: # find / -user USER Find out all *.sh owned by user USER: # find / -user USER -name “*.sh”

Finding files according to date and time

Files not accessed in a time period – It is useful to find out files that have or have not been accessed within a specified number of days. Following command prints all files not accessed in the last 7 days: # find /home -atime +7

-atime +7: All files that were last accessed more than 7 days ago
-atime 7: All files that were last accessed exactly 7 days ago
-atime -7: All files that were last accessed less than7 days ago

Finding files modified within a specified time – Display list of all files in /home directory that were not last modified less than then days ago. # find /home -mtime -7

Finding newer (more recently) modified files

Use -newer option to find out if file was modified more recently than given file. # find /etc/apache-perl -newer /etc/apache-perl/httpd.conf

Finding the most recent version of file

It is common practice before modifying the file is copied to somewhere in system. For example whenever I modify web server httpd.conf file I first make backup. Now I don’t remember whether I had modified the /backup.conf/httpd.conf or /etc/apache-perl/httpd.conf. You can use the find command as follows (tip you can also use ls -l command): find / -name httpd.conf -newer /etc/apache-perl/httpd.conf

Locate command

The locate command is often the simplest and quickest way to find the locations of files and directories on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. For example, the following command uses the star wildcard to display all files on the system that have the .c filename extension: # locate “*.c”

Rename

Linux Rename File Command

I‘m a new Linux user. How do I rename a file called resumezzz.pdf to resume.pdf using Linux bash command prompt? You need to use the mv command. It is used to rename and move files and directories. The general syntax is as follows:

mv old-file-name new-file-name mv [options] old-file-name new-file-name mv file1 file2

In this example, the following command would rename a file called resumezzz.pdf to resume.pdf. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type:

mv resumezzz.pdf resume.pdf

If resumezzz.pdf is located in /home/user/docs/files directory, type:

cd /home/user/docs/files mv resumezzz.pdf resume.pdf

mv /home/user/docs/files/resumezzz.pdf /home/user/docs/files/resume.pdf

Use the ls command to view files:

ls -l file1 ls -l file1 file2 ls -l /home/user/docs/files/*.pdf ls -l *.pdf =============== NAMING

Linux rename a file syntax

In short, to rename a file:

mv file1 file2

You can get verbose output i.e. mv command can explain what is being done using the following syntax:

mv -v file1 file2

Sample outputs: `file1′ -> `file2′ ======== REMOVE

EXECUTABLE: There are a couple ways. If you just want to do this temporarily, you can remove the execute bit from the file:

$ chmod -x /etc/init.d/varnish

Then re-add it when appropriate:

$ chmod +x /etc/init.d/varnish

The “official” way in Ubuntu (as well as in Debian and other Debian derivatives), though, is to use the update-rc.d command:

$ update-rc.d varnish disable

Search and Find

SEARCH AND FIND files in locations

find / -xdev -name vip_monitor,sh 953 find / -xdev -name vip_monitor.sh 954 mv /root/vip_monitor.sh /root/vip_monitor.sh_

USE OF SH FILE AND EXTENSIONS

Run .bin file in Linux / UNIX

Change the permission of the file you downloaded to be executable. Type the following command: $ chmod +x file.bin Start the installation process or run .bin file. Type the following command: ./file.bin For example if .bin file name is application.bin. Type the following commands: $ chmod +x application.bin $ ./application.bin Another example for Java Linux self extracting binary file: $ chmod +x jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin $ ./jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin

OR $ sh jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin

Correct way to disable init-scripts to start at boottime on Debian

In several articles and forums I see people telling the way of removing the init-script on a Debian system would be: update-rc.d -f init-script-name remove The more appropriate way is to disable the init-script from running at boottime: update-rc.d init-script-name stop levels In this way you prevent that in case you upgrade the package a new init-script will be created with the defaults. If the init-script is written with the defaults the init-script might start the process again at boot-up. If you disabled the init-script from running at boottime the init-script would not be recreated or overwritten with the init-script in the update.

System Commands

shutdown	bring the system down	`shutdown -h now` -h = Halt or poweroff after shutdown `shutdown -r now` -r : Reboot after shutdown `shutdown -r -F now` -F : Force fsck after reboot.
halt	stop the system.	`halt`
reboot	reboot the system.	`reboot`
init		`init 1` #change to single usermode
uptime	Tell how long the system has been running.	`uptime`
runlevel	find the previous and current system runlevel.	`runlevel`
printenv	print all or part of environment	`printenv`
env	run a program in a modified environment	`env`
hostname	show or set the system’s host name	`hostname` – show the system’s host name `hostname NEWHOSTNASME` – set the system’s host name
uname	print system information	`uname -a` – print all information
locale	Get locale-specific information.	`locale` locale -a \|grep -i ja <- -a : –all-locales

Process Management

ps	report a snapshot of the current processes.	ps aux \|grep httpd ← Check httpd rocess ps aux \| grep XXX \| awk ‘{print $2}’ \| xargs kill -9 ps auxwf ps auxwf \|grep XXX
pgrep	look up processes based on name and other attributes	pgrep -f ‘bash’ pgrep -lf ‘bash’ ← output with process name pgrep -f ‘bash’ \| xargs kill
pstree	display a tree of processes	pstree -a
pidof	find the process ID of a running program	pidof httpd /bin/kill $(/sbin/pidof qmail-popup)
kill	send a signal to a process	kill -9 PID ← (-9 or -KILL = force-quit)
pkill	signal processes based on name and other attributes	pkill -f ‘bash’ pkill -u user1 pkill java pkill -f jar
killall	kill processes by name	killall vi killall -i vi ← -i = Interactively killall -HUP kterm
killproc
lsof	list open files	lsof -i lsof -i -P ← no port names lsof -i :80,443 ← Which process is using Port 80,443
Ctrl + C	Stop running process
Ctrl + Z	Suspend running process	Move Running Process to Background 1. ctrl + z 2. jobs 3. bg 4. disown %JOBID
jobs	The first form lists the active jobs.	jobs -l ← List job
fg	Resume jobspec in the foreground
bg	Resume each suspended job jobspec in the background
nohup	run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty	nohup command.sh &
disown		disown %jobid
nice	run a program with modified scheduling priority	nice -n 19 test.sh nice -n 19 ionice -c 3 CMD nice -n 19 ionice -c 2 -n 7 COMMAND
renice	alter priority of running processes	renice 19 -p PID you can check the nice whith “top” or “ps alx”.
ionice	sets or gets process io scheduling class and priority	ionice -p PID ← check ionice -c 3 -p PID nice -n 19 ionice -c 2 -n 7 COMMAND

Schedule

crontab	maintain crontab files	crontab -l ← -l = list user’s crontab crontab -u USER -l crontab -e ← -e = edit user’s crontab crontab -u USER -e
at	queue jobs for later execution	echo “/sbin/shutdown -h now” \|at 21:00 02/30/2009 at -t 200902302100
atq	lists the user’s pending jobs	atq
atrm	delete jobs for later execution	atrm JOBID
watch	execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen	watch ntpq -p ← By default, the program is run every 2 seconds watch -n 1 ntpq -p ← 1 seconds interval -d : highlight the differences between successive updates

etc

alias	Alias with no arguments or with the -p option prints the list of aliases When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each name whose value is given.	alias ← check all alias alias ls=’ls -la –color=auto’ alias grep=’grep –color’
unalias	Remove each name from the list of defined aliases. If -a is supplied, all alias definitions are removed.	unalias COMMAND
ntpdate	set the date and time via NTP	ntpdate -b -u IP -b : Force the time (step mode) -u : If you are running ntpd, “-u” must be added.
chronyc	command-line interface for chronyd	chronyc sources chronyc sources -v
ntpq	standard NTP query program	ntpq -p -p : Print a list of the peers known to the server watch -n 1 ntpq -p
hwclock	query and set the hardware clock (RTC)	hwclock (-r) ← Read the Hardware Clock and print the time on standard output. hwclock -w ← Set the Hardware Clock to the current System Time. hwclock -s ← Set the System Time from the Hardware Clock.
man	an interface to the on-line reference manuals	man COMMAND
whatis	display manual page descriptions	whatis KEYWORD whatis cat whatis vi
history	GNU History Library	`history \|less` history 5 ← lists only the last 5 lines. HISTSIZE=1000 HISTTIMEFORMAT=“%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S ”
which	locate a command	which ls
time	time a simple command or give resource usage	time sleep 5
strace	trace system calls and signals	strace -t php test.php strace -t -o test.txt php test.php -t : each line of the trace with the time of day.
ltrace	A library call tracer	lltrace -o test.txt wget http://example.com/ ltrace -p PID ltrace -p 3365
script	make typescript of terminal session	script -afq $LOG

Files and Directories Commands

File Commands

ls	list directory contents	ls -ltrh ← -r : reverse order while sorting -h : with -l, print sizes in human readable format `ls -ltrh \|less`
cp	copy files and directories	cp -p SRC DES cp -pi /etc/hosts{,.`date ‘+%Y%m%d’`} cp -pr SRC/ DES/ ← -r,-R : copy directories recursively cp -p SRC DES ← -f, –force
mv	move (rename) files	mv file1 file2 mv dir1 dir2 mv file1 file2 file3 DIR
rename	renames multiple files	rename .htm .html .htm ← frm .htm to .html rename “” test .txt ← add test rename test “” *.txt ← delete test
rm	remove files or directories	rm -rf TARGET ← -r,-R : remove directories
touch	change file timestamps	touch file1 touch -d “2017/10/20 13:00:00” file1
ln	make links between files	ln -s SRC DES
unlink		unlink DES
wc	print newline, word, and byte counts for each file	wc -l ← -l, –lines = print the line counts
tree	list contents of directories in a tree-like format	tree -Dpuga /etc
col	filter reverse line feeds from input	man ifconfig \| col -bfx > test.txt

Directory Commands

pwd	print name of current/working directory	pwd
cd	Change the current directory	cd ← go to home directory cd ~/ ← go to home directory cd .. ← go to parent directory
pushd	Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack	pushd /var/log pushd `pwd` pushd +2 ← check pushd directory with `dirs -v` and go to No.2 pushd +3 ← check pushd directory with `dirs -v` and go to No.3
popd	Removes entries from the directory stack.	popd
dirs	displays the list of currently remembered directories.	dirs -v
mkdir	make directories	mkdir -p /tmp/test1/test2/ ← make parent directories as needed mkdir -m 700 /home/user01/.ssh
rmdir	remove empty directories If you want to delete directory, you must use “rm -r DIR”.	rmdir DIR

Commands to Access File Contents

more	file perusal filter for crt viewing
less	opposite of more	crontab -l \|less
view	Start in read-only mode.
cat	concatenate files and print on the standard output	cat /dev/null > access.log
tail	output the last part of files	tail -n 50 aaa.txt ← output the last N lines
head	output the first part of files	head -n 100 aaa.txt ← -n , –lines head * \|more ← View the beginning of the file in the directory.
diff	compare files line by line	diff –suppress-common-lines –side-by-side File1 File2 diff /etc/test{,.`date ‘+%Y%m%d’`} diff -r dir1 dir2 ← When comparing directories, recursively compare
sdiff	side-by-side merge of file differences	sdiff -s File1 File2 ← -s : Do not print common lines. sdiff -s -w 200 File1 File2
colordiff
vimdiff		vimdiff file1 file2 vim -d file1 file2

Searching

grep	print lines matching a pattern	grep WORD FILE \|less grep -Ev “^#\|^$” xxx.txt grep -Ev “^$\|^#\|^\s#” file.txt grep “” ifcfg-eth ← check filename and contents grep -r PATTERN –include=”*.txt” DIRECTORY ← -r : recursive
egrep	egrep is the same as grep -E	egrep “aaa\|bbb” file
find , xargs	search for files in a directory hierarchy	find . -name “txt” find /dir -type f -name “.log” -mtime +7 -exec rm -rf {} \; ← “-mtime +7” is 7 days ago

File Compression

tar	The GNU version of the tar archiving utility tar warn the order of target and destination.	tar zcvf test.tar.gz Dir ← Create, Verbose, File tar ztvf test.tar.gz ← Test, Verbose, File tar zxvf test.tar.gz ← eXtract, Verbose, File tar jcvf test.tar.bz2 DIR ← Create, Verbose, File tar jxvf test.tar.bz2 tar zcvf /tmp/user01.tar.gz user01 tar zxvf user01.tar.gz -C /home
gzip gunzip	compress or expand files	gzip file1 gunzip file1.gz gzip access_log.2011-[0][5-8]*.txt ←wild card
compress uncompress	package and compress (archive) files	compress file1 uncompress file1.Z
bzip2 bunzip2 bz2cat	a block-sorting file compressor	bzip2 file1 bunzip2 file1.gz2 bz2cat file1.gz2
zip unzip	package and compress (archive) files	zip file.zip file1 file2 zip -l file.zip ← -l = list for check unzip file.zip unzip -t file.zip ← -t = test
lha		lha a file.lzh file1 file2 lha t file.lzh lha x file.lzh
gzcat		gzcat file.gz gzcat file.Z
zcat		zcat file.Z
zless	file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text	zless file.gz
zgrep	search possibly compressed files for a regular expression	zgrep PATTERN file.gz
zegrep	search possibly compressed files for a regular expression	zegrep “new” test.txt.gz
zdiff	compare compressed files	zdiff file1.gz file2.gz

Character

lv	a Powerful Multilingual File Viewer / Grep
qkc
nkf	Network Kanji Filter
iconv	Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another	iconv -f utf-8 -t sjis test.utf8 > test.sjis

User Administration

User

useradd	create a new user or update default new user information	useradd -u UID -g GROUP -G GROUP1,GROUP2 -s /bin/bash -d HOME_DIR LOGIN
whoami	print effective userid	whoami
w	Show who is logged on and what they are doing.	w
who	show who is logged on	who who –all
userdel	delete a user account and related files	userdel -r USER ← (-r, –remove : Files in the user’s home directory will be removed)
vipw	edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file	vipw ← edit /etc/passwd vipw -s ← edit /etc/shadow
passwd	change user password	echo “password01” \| passwd –stdin user01 passwd -S user1 ← check about the status of the password passwd -l user01 ← Lock the user passwd -u user01 ← Unlock
chpasswd	update passwords in batch mode	echo user01:password \| chpasswd echo ‘USER:PASS’ > tmp.txt ; chpasswd < tmp.txt ; rm -f tmp.txt
mkpasswd
chage	change user password expiry information	chage -l USER ← check chage -M 90 USER ← the password expires day set 90days
usermod	modify a user account	usermod -g GROUP USER usermod -g GROUP -G SUBGROUP USER usermod -G SUBGROUP USER usermod -G SUBGROUP1,SUBGROUP2 USER usermod -G “” USER usermod -l USER_NAME_NEW USERNAME_OLD ← change username usermod -d HOME_DIR_NEW USER_NAME ← change home directory usermod -u UID USER ← change UID
gpasswd		gpasswd -a USER sudo ← add USER to GROUP gpasswd -r USER sudo ← remove USER from GROUP
chsh	change login shell	chsh -l ← = cat /etc/shells chsh -s /bin/bash ← changing shell chsh -s /bin/bash user01
getent	get entries from Name Service Switch libraries	getent passwd ← you can check LDAP Users getent group getent shadow
pam_tally2	The login counter (tallying) module	pam_tally2 -u USER ← check pam_tally2 -u USER –reset ← reset

Group

groups	print the groups a user is in	groups groups USERNAME
groupadd	create a new group	groupadd -g GID GROUP groupadd -g 1100 dev
groupdel	delete a group	groupdel GROUP
groupmod	change USER’s GID	groupmod -g GID GROUP groupmod -g 1501 testgroup1 find / -gid OLDGID -print ← Check the OLD GID
chgrp	change the Group of the file	chgrp -R GROUP FILE
vigr	edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file

File Permissions

chmod	change file mode bits	chmod 777 TARGET chmod u+s PROGRAM ← add SSUID（Set User ID）
chown	change file owner and group	chown USER FILE chown USER:GROUP FILE chown -R USER:GROUP DIR ← -R : operate on files and directories recursively

Etc

finger	user information lookup program	finger finger user01 finger -l user01
su	change user ID or become superuser	su – ← change root user sudo su – USER -s /bin/bash su – user1 -c “ssh user1@192.168.0.xx ls -lh /tmp” >> aaa.txt
sudo	execute a command as another user	sudo -u USER COMMAND sudo sh -c ‘echo “test” >> /tmp/test.txt’
id	print real and effective user and group IDs	id USERNAME
last	show listing of last logged in users	last last -5 ← last 5 logged in users last USER
lastlog	reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user	lastlog
umask	set file mode creation mask	umask ← check umask 022 ← default 666-022=644(rw-r–r–) umask 002 ← 666-002=664(rw-rw-r–) umask 000 ← 666-000=666(rw-rw-rw-)

Network

ip	show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels	ip a ← print ip address ip addr ← print ip address ip r ← Show IP Routing ip route ← Show IP Routing
ss	another utility to investigate sockets	ss -lt ← TCP Listening Port ss -ltp ← Process Name with Listening TCP ss -anu
ifconfig	configure a network interface	ifconfig ← check ip ifconfig -a ← -a : display all interfaces ifconfig eth0 up ifconfig eth0 down
ifdown	take a network interface down	ifdown eth0 ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0
ifup	bring a network interface up	ifup eth0 ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0
route	show / manipulate the IP routing table	route ← show the IP routing table route -n ← show the IP routing table route add -net 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.50.0.1 route add -host 192.168.0.100 gw 192.168.1.100 route del -net 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
traceroute	print the route packets trace to network host	traceroute -n 192.168.0.10 traceroute -T -p 80 192.168.0.10 ← (-T = TCP) traceroute -U -p 53 192.168.0.10 ← DNS (-U = UDP)
tracepath	traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path	tracepath -n 192.168.0.10 ← UDP *tracepath don’t use TCP.
mtr	a network diagnostic tool	mtr -rwb xx.xx.xx.xx -c 10 -T -P 443
ethtool	Display or change ethernet card settings	ethtool eth0
mii-tool	view, manipulate media-independent interface status	mii-tool eth0 mii-tool -vv eth0
arp	manipulate the system ARP cache	arp -a ← (-a : Shows the entries of the specified hosts.) arp -d 192.168.xx.xx ← delete arp
nmcli	line tool for controlling NetworkManager

DNS

dig	DNS lookup utility	`dig -h` ←help `dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type]` dig @8.8.8.8 google.com any dig @8.8.8.8 -x 74.125.235.101 dig google.com mx dig +trace google.com dig +trace -x 173.252.120.6
nslookup	query Internet name servers interactively	nslookup -type=any google.com 8.8.8.8 nslookup google.com 8.8.8.8 nslookup -type=txt google.com
host	DNS lookup utility	`host` ← help `host [-t type] [server]` host gmail.com host x.x.x.x host -t any google.com 8.8.8.8 host -t mx gmail.com 8.8.8.8 host -t soa gmail.com -t = specifies the query type
whois	client for the whois service	whois google.com
nscd	name service cache daemon	nscd –help nscd -i hosts ← chache clear nscd -g ← Print current configuration statistics

Connection

telnet	user interface to the TELNET protocol	telnet IP PORT
ssh popular	OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)	ssh USER@IP ssh xx.xx.xx.xx “hostname; netstat -rn \|grep 10.110.0” ssh xx.xx.xx.xx sudo /sbin/reboot
scp	secure copy (remote file copy program) the link file copyed as the real file.	scp test.tar.gz user1@192.168.0.10:/tmp scp -rp /home/user1 user1@192.168.0.10:/home scp -rp /tmp/test1/ user1@192.168.0.10:/tmp/test2/
rsync popular	a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool the link file copyed as the link file. rsync -avz –delete /home/user1/ /tmp/user1.bk/ ← rsync “/” is very important. rsync -e ssh -avz –delete /home/user1/ user2@192.168.0.2:/home/backup/server1/home/user1/ rsync -e ssh -avz –-bwlimit=1250 FILE user@192.168.0.2:/DIR/ # 1Mbps = 125KBps
ssh-keygen	authentication key generation, management and conversion	ssh-keygen -t rsa ← generate rsa key pair ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C “” -N “” -f id_rsa ssh-keygen -R HOST ← Removes all keys belonging to hostname from a known_hosts file.

Check

ping	send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts	ping -c 5 -s 1500 192.168.0.1 ping -i 0.5 192.168.0.1 # -i : interval
nmap	Network exploration tool and security / port scanner	nmap google.com ← Check TCP nmap -Pn -sT -p 22 xx.xx.xx.xx ← check Firewall nmap -Pn -sT -p 443 x.x.x.x -max-rtt-timeout 0.1 nmap -PN -p 22 HOST nmap -p 443 www.google.com
nc netcat	Concatenate and redirect sockets	nc 192.168.0.10 80 22 ← check TCP nc -u 192.168.0.100 53 ← check UDP nc -vz 192.168.0.10 1-1023 ← portscan
nping		nping –tcp -p PORT HOST nping -c 1 –tcp -p PORT HOST
httping	measure the latency and throughput of a webserver
http_ping
hping , hping3
fping		fping -g 192.168.0.0/24

HTTP

curl popular	transfer a URL	curl -O http://example.com/images/test.jpg curl -I http://www.example.com/ ← Only Header curl -i http://www.example.com/ ← Header and Body curl –proxy http://proxy.example.com:8080 http://example.com/
wget	The non-interactive network downloader.	wget http://google.com/ wget -e http_proxy=xx.xx.xx.xx:8080 http://example.com/ wget -e https_proxy=xx.xx.xx.xx:8080 https://example.com/ wget -S –spider http://example.com/ ← Only Header

FTP

ftp	ARPANET file transfer program
lftp	Sophisticated file transfer program

SNMP

snmpwalk	retrieve a subtree of management values using SNMP GETNEXT requests	snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost sysname snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1
snmpget	communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET requests	snmpget -v 2c 192.168.0.10 -c public .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.50.0
snmptranslate	translate MIB OID names between numeric and textual forms	snmptranslate -Tp \| less
snmpnetstat	display networking status and configuration information from a network entity via SNMP	snmpnetstat -v 2c -c public -Can localhost snmpnetstat -v 2c -c public -Ci localhost snmpnetstat -v 2c -c public -Cs localhost

Shell Script

Shell

date	print or set the system date and time	date –date ’10day ago’ +”%Y%m%d” → 20061030 date +”%Y%m%d” → 20061030 date +”%H:%M” → 12:47 cp -p FILE FILE.`date +%Y%m%d` cp -p FILE FILE.`date -d ‘1day ago’ +%Y%m%d`
tr	translate or delete characters
cut	remove sections from each line of files	echo abcdef \|cut -c 3- echo abcdef \|cut -c 2-4
sort	sort lines of text files	sort -t: +1 -n sample.txt
uniq	report or omit repeated lines	cat access_log.1 \| awk {‘print $4’} \|awk -F: {‘print $1$2$3’} \| sort \|uniq -c
logger	a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module	logger “test test”
basename	strip directory and suffix from filenames	SHELLNAME=`/usr/bin/basename $0` SHELLNAME=`/usr/bin/basename $0 .sh`
dirname	strip last component from file name	DIR=`dirname ${0}`
paste	merge lines of files	paste -d, test1.txt test2.txt
awk		echo “1 2 3 4 5” \| awk ‘{ print $1 “,” $3 }’ echo “1 2 : 3 4 : 5” \| awk -F: ‘{ print $2 }’
sed		sed -e ‘s/xxx/XXX/g’ input.txt > output.txt sed -i “s/IPADDR=192.168.0.10/IPADDR=192.168.0.11/g” ifcfg-eth0
mail mailx	send and receive Internet mail echo test \| mail -s “test” -S “smtp=smtp://xx.xx.xx.xx:25” test@example.com cat test.txt \| mail -s “test” -S “smtp=smtp://xx.xx.xx.xx:25” test@example.com
while		while : ; do uptime ; sleep 1 ; done while : ; do uptime >> /tmp/tmp.txt ; sleep 1 ; done while : ; do ps aux \|grep httpd \|wc -l ; sleep 1 ; done
for		for i in 127.0.0.1 192.168.10.1; do ping -c 2 $i; done
sleep		sleep 1
usleep	sleep some number of microseconds	usleep 1000000 ← 1,000,000 = 1sec usleep 100000 ← 100,000 = 0.1sec usleep 10000 ← 10,000 = 0.01sec

Hardware

dmesg	print or control the kernel ring buffer	dmesg
lspci	list all PCI devices	lspci
nproc	print the number of processing units available	nproc grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN

Module

lsmod	show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel	lsmod
modinfo	show information about a Linux Kernel module	modinfo MODULENAME modinfo bnx2
insmod	insert a module into the Linux Kernel
rmmod	remove a module from the Linux Kernel
modprobe	add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel

Disk Utilities

HDD

du	estimate file space usage	du -sh * du -h –max-depth=1
fuser	identify processes using files or sockets	fuser -mv /mnt/test ← check fuser -mvk /mnt/test ←(-k : Kill processes)
chroot	run command or interactive shell with special root directory
hdparm	get/set hard disk parameters
dumpe2fs	dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information
badblocks	search a device for bad blocks

Partition

df	report file system disk space usage	df -h ← (-h : print sizes in human readable format) df -BG ← Bigabyte Unite df -BM ← Megabyte Unite
sfdisk	partition table manipulator for Linux	sfdisk -l ←(-l : List the partitions of a device.)
fdisk	manipulate disk partition table	fdisk -l ← ( -l : List the partition tables) fdisk -l /dev/sdb fdisk -l -o +UUID
gdisk	Interactive GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator
parted	a partition manipulation program	parted -l ← check partitions parted /dev/mapper/mpath0
lsblk	list block devices	lsblk
e2label	Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem

Swap

mkswap	set up a Linux swap area
swapon	enable devices and files for paging and swapping	swapon -s ← Check swapon -a swapon /dev/xvda3
swapoff	disable devices and files for paging and swapping	swapoff -a

File Systems

mkfs	build a Linux filesystem #you must umount the device before mkfs.	mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1 mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.xfs mkfs.ext4 mkfs.ext3	#you must umount the device before mkfs.	mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mkfs2fs	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesyste #you must umount the device before mkfs.	mke2fs /dev/sdb1 ← ext2 mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1 ← ext3
xfs_info		xfs_info /dev/sda1
tune2fs	adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems	tune2fs -l /dev/mapper/mpath0 ← -l : List the contents of the filesystem superblock. tune2fs -l /dev/mapper/mpath0 \|egrep “count\|interval” tune2fs -i 0 -c 0 /dev/mapper/mpath0 ← -i : interval, -c : mount count
fsck	check and repair a Linux filesystem you must umount the device before fsck. for example single usermode and umount. ‘shutdown -r -F now’ is force fsck after reboot.	fsck -p /dev/sda1 ← -p : Automatically repair (“preen”) the file system.
fsck.ext4	check and repair a Linux filesystem
e2fsck	check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
resize2fs	ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer	resize2fs /dev/testvg/lvol0

Data

dd	convert and copy a file	dd if=/dev/zero of=test_10M bs=1M count=10 dd if=/dev/zero of=test_100M bs=1M count=100 dd if=/dev/zero of=test_1G bs=1M count=1000 dd if=/dev/zero of=temp.bin bs=1 count=0 seek=1G ← sparse file
sync	flush file system buffers
shred	overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it

mount

mount	mount a filesystem	mount /mnt/test /dev/sda1 mount -o remount /dev/sda1 mount -t cifs //xx.xx.xx.xx/test /mnt/test -o username=guest,password=
umount	unmount file systems	umount /mnt/test umount -f /mnt/test (-f : Force unmount(in case of an unreachable NFS system)) umount -l /mnt/test (-l : Lazy unmount.Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now )

LVM

References : LVM – How to Use LVM in Linux

LVM

lvm

LVM2 tools

PV (Physical Volume)

pvs	report information about physical volumes
pvdisplay	display attributes of a physical volume	pvdisplay pvdisplay -C
pvcreate	initialize a disk or partition for use by LVM	pvcreate /dev/mapper/mpath0p1 pvcreate /dev/mapper/mpath0p1 /dev/mapper/mpath1p1
pvremove	remove a physical volume	pvremove /dev/mapper/mpath0p1
pvscan	scan all disks for physical volumes

VG (Volume Group)

vgs	report information about volume groups	vgs -o +vg_tags ← check tag
vgdisplay	display attributes of volume groups	vgdisplay vgdisplay -C
vgcreate	create a volume group	vgcreate vgdata1 /dev/hdb1 /dev/hdc1
vgremove	remove a volume group	vgremove vg01
vgscan	scan all disks for volume groups and rebuild caches
vgchange	change attributes of a volume group	vgchange -a y ← activate vgchange -a n ← deactivate vgchange -a y vg01 vgchange -a n vg01 Check : lvdisplay VGDATA \|grep Status vgchange –addtag $(uname -n) VG_TEST vgchange –deltag $(uname -n) VG_TEST
vgextend	add physical volumes to a volume group	vgextend vg01 /dev/hdd1
vgrename	rename a volume group	vgrename oldvg newvg

LV (Logical Volume)

lvs	report information about logical volumes
lvdisplay	display attributes of a logical volume	lvdisplay lvdisplay -C lvdisplay /dev/mapper/VGDATA-lv00
lvcreate	create a logical volume in an existing volume group	lvcreate -l PENUMBER vgdata lvcreate -L 150G vgdata
lvremove	remove a logical volume	lvremove /dev/testvg/lvol0
lvscan	scan (all disks) for logical volumes
lvresize	resize a logical volume	lvresize -L +5G /dev/vg0/home
lvextend	extend the size of a logical volume	lvextend -L +5G /dev/vg0/home lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/Array00-lv00
lvreduce	reduce the size of a logical volume
lvrename	rename a logical volume	lvrename /dev/vgdata/lvol0 /dev/vgdata/lvol1

Performance

top	display Linux processes	top -b -n 4 -d 5 ← interval 5sec , 4 times
sar	Collect, report, or save system activity information.	sar -f /var/log/sa/sa16 sar (cpu,io) sar -r (memory) sar -q (Loadaverage)
vmstat LIKE	Report virtual memory statistics	vmstat 1 ← interval 1sec (cpu, io, memory, swap) vmstat 1 5 ← interval 1sec, 5 times (cpu, io, memory, swap)
iostat	Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.	iostat -xtk 1 (cpu, io) ← interval 1sec
mpstat	Report processors related statistics.	mpstat -P ALL
uptime	Tell how long the system has been running.	while : ; do uptime ; sleep 1 ; done while : ; do uptime » /tmp/tmp.txt ; sleep 1 ; done
w	Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
free	Display amount of free and used memory in the system	free -m ← show output in MB
tcpdump	dump traffic on a network	tcpdump -n port 80 -i any tcpdump -n not arp and not port 123 and not port 22 tcpdump host 192.168.0.10 -n -w /tmp/20110615.pcap tcpdump -r /tmp/20110615.pcap ← -r : Read packets from file
netstat	Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships	netstat -anp (-a : Show both listening and non-listening sockets.) netstat -rn (-r : Display the kernel routing tables.)
iotop	simple top-like I/O monitor	iotop -b -n 4 -d 15 ← interval 15sec , 4 times
dstat LIKE	versatile tool for generating system resource statistics	dstat -taf

Load Test

fio

Software

make	GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
patch	apply a diff file to an original	patch -p1 -N < ../xxx.patch
ldd	print shared library dependencies	ldd BINARY
yum popular	an interactive, rpm based, package manager	yum repolist ← check enabled repository yum search STRINGS yum info PACKAGE ← check rpm version etc yum install PACKAGE yum –disablerepo=* –enablerepo=test-repo repolist
rpm	RPM Package Manager	rpm -ivh PACKAGE.rpm ← install rpm -e PACAGE.rpm ← uninstall rpm -qa –last
apt
dpkg
alien		alien -d package-x.x.x.rpm alien -r package-x.x.x.deb
update-alternatives		update-alternatives –config mta
rhn_register		rhn_register –nox –proxy=http://192.168.0.10:9999

etc

X Window System

startx	initialize an X session	startx
xhost	server access control program for X	xhost + ← Access is granted to everyone
xauth	X authority file utility

TUI

ntsysv	simple interface for configuring runlevels
authconfig-tui	an interface for configuring system authentication resources
system-config-securitylevel
system-config-network-tui

etc

md5sum	compute and check MD5 message digest	find . -type f -exec md5sum {} \; > /tmp/md5.out ← check all files
gpg	OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
screen
kermit

Wireshark

Wireshark (old name is Ethereal) is a program that can run in many operating systems such as Windows, Linux, MacOS or Solaris and can analyze all the traffic going to network cards connected to computer. Analyze over 750 protocols Can capture packets and save them to a file.

Logical operators are available for all filtering.

Example: http & ip.src == 192.168.0.1
Management Frame: The frame for the connection between the network device and the client.
Control Frame: Controls the integrity of data traffic between the network device and the client.
Data Frame: The frame on which the original data is transferred.

Often used commands
Only to show the outgoing packets from the management frame.	wlan.fc.type==0
To show incoming, outgoing packets through control frame.	wlan.fc.type==1
To show packets transferred over the data frame.	wlan.fc.type==2
Association lists the requests.	wlan.fc.type_subtype==0
Association lists the answers.	wlan.fc.type_subtype==1
Probe lists requests.	wlan.fc.type_subtype==4
Lists the probe responses.	wlan.fc.type_subtype==5
Lists Beacon signals / waves.	wlan.fc.type_subtype==8
Lists the Authentication requests.	wlan.fc.type_subtype==11
Lists deauthentication requests.	wlan.fc.type_subtype==12
TCP lists the outgoing packets to the xx port.	tcp.port == xx
TCP lists packages with the Source xx port.	tcp.srcport == xx
TCP lists packages with a destination xx port.	tcp.dstport == xx
UDP lists the outgoing packets to the xx port.	udp.port == xx
UDP lists packets with a destination xx port.	udp.srcport == xx
UDP lists packages that have the Source xx port.	udp.dstport == xx
Lists the HTTP Get requests.	http.request
Lists packages for the source or destination mac address.	wlan.addr == MAC-Address
The source lists packages that have a mac address.	wlan.sa == MAC-Address
Lists packages that have a target mac address.	wlan.da == MAC-Address
To view only DHCP traffic. DHCP uses BOOTP as its transport protocol.	udp.port == 68 bootp

Total Commander

Intro

Shortcuts

F1	Help
F2	Reread source window
F3	List files
F4	Edit files
F5	Copy files
F6	Rename or move files
F7	Create directory
F8	Delete files to recycle bin /delete directly – according to configuration (or Delete)
F9	Activate menu above source window (left or right)
F10	Activate left menu or deactivate menu
Alt+F1	change left drive
Alt+F2	change right drive
Alt+F3	Use alternate (external or internal) viewer
Alt+Shift+F3	Start Lister and load file with internal viewer (no plugins or multimedia)
Alt+F4	Exit \| Minimize (with option MinimizeOnClose in wincmd.ini)
Alt+F5	Pack files
Alt+Shift+F5	Move to archive
Alt+F6	Unpack specified files from archive under cursor, or selected archives (use Alt+F9 on Windows 95)
Alt+F7	Find
Alt+F8	Opens the history list of the command line
Alt+F9	Same as ALT+F6 (because ALT+F6 is broken on Windows 95)
Alt+Shift+F9	Test archives
Alt+F10	Opens a dialog box with the current directory tree
Alt+F11	Opens left current directory bar (breadcrumb bar)
Alt+F12	Opens right current directory bar (breadcrumb bar)
Alt+Shift+F11	Focus the button bar to use it with the keyboard
Shift+F1	Custom columns view menu
Shift+F2	Compare file lists
Shift+F3	List only file under cursor, when multiple files selected
Shift+F4	Create new text file and load into editor
Shift+F5	Copy files (with rename) in the same directory
Shift+Ctrl+F5	Create shortcuts of the selected files
Shift+F6	Rename files in the same directory
Shift+F8/Delete	Delete directly / delete to recycle bin – according to configuration
Shift+F10	Show context menu
Shift+Esc	Minimizes Total Commander to an icon
Alt+Arrow left / Arrow right	Go to previous/next dir of already visited dirs
Alt+Arrow down	Open history list of already visited dirs (like the history list in a WWW browser)
Num +	Expand selection (configurable: just files or files and folders)
Num –	Shrink selection
Num *	Invert selection (also with shift, see link)
Num /	Restore selection
Shift+Num+[+]	Like Num +, but files and folders if Num + selects just files (and vice versa)
Shift+Num+-	Always removes the selection just from files (Num – from files and folders)
Shift+Num+*	Like Num , but files and folders if Num inverts selection of just files (and vice versa)
Ctrl+Num +	Select all (configurable: just files or files and folders)
Ctrl+Shift+Num +	Select all (files and folders if CTRL+Num + selects only files)
Ctrl+Num –	Deselect all (always files and folders)
Ctrl+Shift+Num –	Deselect all (always files, no folders)
Alt+Num +	Select all files with the same extension
Alt+Num –	Remove selection from files with the same extension
Ctrl+Page up	Change to parent directory (cd ..) , or Backspace
Ctrl+<	Jump to the root directory (most European keyboards)
Ctrl+\	Jump to the root directory (US keyboard)
Ctrl+Page down	Open directory/archive (also self extracting .EXE archives)
Ctrl+Arrow left / Arrow right	Open directory/archive and display it in the target window. If the cursor is not on a directory name, or the other panel is active, then the current directory is displayed instead.
Ctrl+F1	File display ‘brief’ (only file names)
Ctrl+Shift+F1	Thumbnails view (preview pictures)
Ctrl+F2	File display ‘full’ (all file details)
Ctrl+Shift+F2	Comments view (new comments are created with Ctrl+Z)
Ctrl+F3	Sort by name
Ctrl+F4	Sort by extension
Ctrl+F5	Sort by date/time
Ctrl+F6	Sort by size
Ctrl+F7	Unsorted
Ctrl+F8	Display directory tree
Ctrl+Shift+F8	Cycle through separate directory tree states: one tree, two trees, off
Ctrl+F9	Print file under cursor using the associated program
Ctrl+F10	Show all files
Ctrl+F11	Show only programs
Ctrl+F12	Show user defined files
Tab	Switch between left and right file list
Shift+Tab	Switch between current file list and separate tree (if enabled)
Insert	Select file or directory.
Space	Select file or directory (as INSERT). If SPACE is used on an unselected directory under the cursor, the contents in this directory are counted and the size is shown in the “full” view instead of the string . This can be disabled through ‘Configuration’ – ‘Options’ – ‘Operation’ – ‘Selection with Space’.
Enter	Change directory / run program / run associated program / execute command line if not empty. If the source directory shows the contents of an archive, further information on the packed file is given.
Shift+Enter	1. Runs command line / program under cursor with preceding command /c and leave the program’s window open. Only works if NOCLOSE.PIF is in your Windows directory! 2. With ZIP files: use alternative choice of these (as chosen in Packer config): (Treat archives like directories <-> call associated program, i.e. winzip or quinzip) 3. In the list of last used dirs (History, Ctrl+D), open the directory on a new Tab.
Alt+Shift+Enter	The contents of all directories in the current directory are counted. The sizes of the directories are then shown in the “full” view instead of the string . Abort by holding down ESC key.
Alt+Enter	Show property sheet.
Ctrl+a	Select all
Ctrl+b	Directory branch: Show contents of current dir and all subdirs in one list
Ctrl+Shift+b	Selected directory branch: Show selected files, and all in selected subdirs
Ctrl+c	Copy files to clipboard
Ctrl+x	Cut files to clipboard
Ctrl+v	Paste from clipboard to current dir.
Ctrl+d	Open directory hotlist (‘bookmarks’)
Ctrl+f	Connect to FTP server
Ctrl+Shift+f	Disconnect from FTP server
Ctrl+i	Switch to target directory
Ctrl+l	Calculate occupied space (of the selected files)
Ctrl+m	Multi-Rename-Tool
Ctrl+Shift+m	Change FTP transfer mode
Ctrl+n	New FTP connection (enter URL or host address)
Ctrl+p	Copy current path to command line
Ctrl+q	Quick view panel instead of file window
Ctrl+r	Reread source directory
Ctrl+s	Open Quick Filter dialog and activate filter (deactivate with ESC or CTRL+F10)
Ctrl+Shift+s	Open Quick Filter dialog and reactivate last-used filter
Ctrl+t	Open new folder tab and activate it
Ctrl+Shift+t	Open new folder tab, but do not activate it
Ctrl+u	Exchange directories
Ctrl+Shift+u	Exchange directories and tabs
Ctrl+w	Close currently active tab
Ctrl+Shift+w	Close all open tabs
Ctrl+z	Edit file comment
Ctrl+Arrow up	Open dir under cursor in new tab
Ctrl+Shift+Arrow Up	Open dir under cursor in other window (new tab)
Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab	Jump to next tab / jump to previous tab
Ctrl+Alt+Letter	Quick search for a file name (starting with specified letters) in the current directory (Support hotkeys Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V and Ctrl+A; use Ctrl+S for search filter on/off)

FTP

Ctrl+F	Connect to FTP Server
Ctrl+SHIFT+F	Disconnect current FTP connection
Ctrl+N	New FTP connection

Selections

Insert/Space	Select current file/folder
Num *	Invert selection
Num /	Restore selection
Ctrl+A	Select all
Ctrl+l	Calculate occupied space of selecte files
Ctrl+Num –	Deselect all
Alt+Num+	Select all files with extension
Alt+Num-	Deselect all files with extension

Selections

Alt+F1	Change left drive
Alt+F2	Change right drive
Alt+Arrow Down	Open list of visited directories
Alt+Arrow Left	Jump to previous directory
Alt+Arrow Right	Jump to next directory
Ctrl+<	Jump to root directory
Backspace	Change to parent directory
Tab	Switch between left and right file list

Navigation

Alt+F1	Change left drive
Alt+F2	Change right drive
Alt+Arrow Down	Open list of visited directories
Alt+Arrow Left	Jump to previous directory
Alt+Arrow Right	Jump to next directory
Ctrl+<	Jump to root directory
Backspace	Change to parent directory
Tab	Switch between left and right file list

View

Ctrl+u	Swap left & right view
F2/Ctrl+r	Refresh current directory
Ctrl+b	Show contents of current dir and all subdirs in one list
Ctrl+Shift+B	Selected directory branch
Alt+Enter	Show file properties window
F1	Help
Ctrl+l	Calculate occupied space (of selecte files)

File manipulation

F3	List file contents
Shift+F3	List file under cursor with multiple files selected
F4	Edit files
Shift+F4	Create new text file and load in editor
F5/Ctrl+c	Copy file
Shift+F5	Copy files (with rename) in same directory
F6	Rename or move files
Shift+F6	Rename files in same directory
F7	Create directory
F8/Delete	Delete files
Ctrl+v	Paste file in current directory
Ctrl+x	Cut file
Ctrl+m	Multi-rename tool

Archiving

Alt+F5	Pack files
Alt+Shift+F5	Move to archive
Alt+F6	Unpack from archive under cursor
Alt+Shift+F9	Test archives

File sorting

Ctrl+F3	Sort by name
Ctrl+F4	Sort by extension
Ctrl+F5	Sort by date/time
Ctrl+F6	Sort by size
Ctrl+F7	Unsorted

Searching

Ctrl+s	Quick search
Alt+F7	Find

Intro

Enable telnet client in Windows

Telnet Commands List

Parameter List

Check the listen port

Check Connection and Close Connection

Telnet to Web Server (port 8o or 443

Telnet to Mail Server

File Control in nano

Navigating through file contents in nano

Copy and Paste in nano

Search and Replace in nano

Windows RUN Shortcuts

Deprecated Canonical Names

Intro

GUI vs CommandLine interface

Moving Files with Rename

Shortcuts

Generic

FTP

Selections

Moving around

Navigation

View

File manipu­lation

Archiving

File sorting

Searching

Command Line with TC

Other

Button Bar Parameters

Total Commander Button Bar Parameters

How-to use button bar parameters

Total Commander Links

Overview

History

How to clear the terminal command history

How to delete a single command from history on a Linux

How do I view history with line number?

How to delete a single command number 1013 from history

How do I delete all the history?

Tip: Control bash history like a pro

Where to find more information about history command?

FIND

Find command examples

Finding files and printing their full name

Finding all files owned by a user

Finding files according to date and time

Finding newer (more recently) modified files

Finding the most recent version of file

Locate command

Rename

Linux Rename File Command

Linux rename a file syntax

Search and Find

SEARCH AND FIND files in locations

USE OF SH FILE AND EXTENSIONS

Run .bin file in Linux / UNIX

Correct way to disable init-scripts to start at boottime on Debian

System Commands

Process Management

Schedule

etc

Files and Directories Commands

File Commands

Directory Commands

Commands to Access File Contents

Searching

File Compression

Character

User Administration

User

Group

File Permissions

Etc

Network

Network

DNS

Connection

Check

File manipulation